When people talk about "second waves" of COVID-19 within a country or a state, they need to look carefully at *where* within the country or state the cases are increasing. Often it's not the same places that were hit hard during the first wave. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/19/italy-at-a-crossroads-as-fears-grow-of-covid-19-second-wave

In Italy, for example, Lombardy (which was devastated in February/March) has had 72 cases/day so far in August, about the same as 74 cases/day in July.

But the *rest* of Italy has had cases increase from 161/day in July to 342/day in August. https://github.com/pcm-dpc/COVID-19/tree/master/schede-riepilogative/regioni

This was also an issue in Louisiana, for example, where the "first wave" was largely concentrated in Orleans & Jefferson Parishes, and the "second wave" was largely concentrated *outside* of those parishes. https://twitter.com/Crimealytics/status/1287731448204623876?s=20