Thread by @farid__jalali, Long haul COVIDIs most likely aMast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)(I think .....) [...]

Long haul COVID
Is most likely a

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)

(I think .....)

Myocarditis of MCAS
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.107.741595 https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(20)30130-7#secst0060

Cardiac Mast Cells: Underappreciated Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Disease

Mast cells are multifarious immune cells with complex roles in tissue homeostasis and disease. They produce a plethora of mediators that play roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis,...

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.107.741595

Hyperadrenergic POTS of MCAS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710782/

Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders - PubMed

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disabling condition that commonly affects otherwise normal young females. Because these patients can present with a flushing disorder, we hypothesized that...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710782/

Hair loss of MCAS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514792/

Presence of Mast Cells and Mast Cell Degranulation in Scalp Biopsies of Telogen Effluvium

Telogen effluvium (TE) is a type of acquired, diffuse alopecia that occurs due to an abnormal shift of scalp hair follicles from anagen to telogen, leading to premature shedding of hair. Previous...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514792/

Neuropsychology and pain symptoms of MCAS review: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/holistic-psychiatry/201907/mast-cell-activation-syndrome-alert-psychiatrists%3famp

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: An Alert to Psychiatrists

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome can present as depression, anxiety, or brain fog

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/holistic-psychiatry/201907/mast-cell-activation-syndrome-alert-psychiatrists%3famp

Interstitial cystitis / hematuria of MCAS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893522/

Mast cell activation syndrome in pain syndromes bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893522/

Lip swelling / lymph node enlargements / hives / rashes ....

All MCAS

Insomnia _ repeated nighttime awakenings of MCAS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205232/

Histamine from brain resident MAST cells promotes wakefulness and modulates behavioral states -...

Mast cell activation and degranulation can result in the release of various chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, which significantly affect sleep. Mast cells also exist in the central...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205232/

Acute cardiac injury of COVID is possibly Kounis syndrome due to mast cell and platelet activation? Could myocarditis chronically be due to same cardiac mast cell activation?

@__ice9 @YogenKanthi @Maeskander @GlassyMatthew https://tmsforacure.org/expert-information/mast-cells-heart-kounis-syndrome-takotsubo-cardiomyopathy/

Mast Cells and the Heart: Kounis Syndrome and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - TMS - The Mast Cell...

Nicholas G Kounis August 2016 Corresponding author: Nicholas G Kounis, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FAHA, Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), Department of Medical Sciences, Western Greece Highest Institute...

https://tmsforacure.org/expert-information/mast-cells-heart-kounis-syndrome-takotsubo-cardiomyopathy/

Interstitial cystitis of MCAS (hematuria, pelvic pain): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893522/

Mast cell activation syndrome in pain syndromes bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893522/

How magnesium deficiency leads to overactivation of mast cells (Mg anecdotally helping some long-haul COVID) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477254/

Magnesium deficiency induces the emergence of mast cells in the liver of rats - PubMed

Mast cells, multifunctional effector cells of the immune system, are implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency was reported to increase triglyceride...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477254/

How mast cells are more activated at night (anecdotally, more COVID symptoms at night) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043637/#S4title

The Circadian Clock Drives Mast Cell Functions in Allergic Reactions

Allergic diseases are known to vary in the severity of their symptoms throughout the day/night cycle. This rhythmicity is also observed in mast cell function and responsiveness. Mast cells are key...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043637/#S4title

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding and MCAS:

(anecdotally "returns of menses" from menopause for long-haul COVID patients) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30964355/

Successful mast-cell-targeted treatment of chronic dyspareunia, vaginitis, and dysfunctional...

Dyspareunia, vaginitis and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) are common problems which, despite their polygenicity, commonly appear idiopathic and treatment-refractory. Mast cell (MC) activation...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30964355/

Numerous nighttime awakenings with mast cell activation https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205232/

Histamine from brain resident MAST cells promotes wakefulness and modulates behavioral states -...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24205232/

Pain symptoms of MCAS (and commonly neuropathic pain in long-haul COVID) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691098/

Mast Cell-Mediated Mechanisms of Nociception

Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that release immuno-modulators, chemo-attractants, vasoactive compounds, neuropeptides and growth factors in response to allergens and pathogens constitu...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691098/

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