On behalf of my co-authors, I'm happy to share our new paper!

We use experimental and archaeological data to reconstruct an ancient bead tradition from Malawi, AND we announce the oldest directly dated snail beads (9500 BP).

Available open-access:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-021-01274-8
Beads made on giant land snail shells (๐Ÿš) are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, mostly from Iron Age contexts. They closely resemble OES (๐Ÿฅš) beads, but the two materials have unique properties...

Were ๐Ÿš beads made in the same way as ๐Ÿฅš beads?
To explore this question, we studied ๐Ÿš preform assemblages (excavated by @YalePaleoarch, Jess Thompson) from 3 sites in Malawi, including Hora-1 (yes, THAT Hora!).

Dates on 2 preforms returned similar ages of 9500 BP, proving that the roots of ๐Ÿš beads precede the Iron Age.
๐Ÿš preforms follow the same steps as ๐Ÿฅš, but they are often Pathway 2 (see pic), which is opposite to ๐Ÿฅš preforms which are usually Pathway 1.

To aid future study, we provide a modified production sequence including images (shown below) and thorough descriptions of each stage.
Plenty more is in the article, including experimental shell breakage, morphometric analyses, and pXRF data of red residues.

We want to stress that beadmaking is more than just a series of steps, it is culturally transmitted behavior that can help reveal ancient social dynamics.
Thank you to the project PI and my co-contributor, Jess Thompson, as well as our co-authors (H. Keller, @claire_heckel, P. Kaliba).

And thanks to you, dear reader, for checking out our snails โค๐ŸŒ
You can follow @PalaeoJenn.
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