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1-[THREAD] on French politics and #WesternBalkans enlargement. Our NEW research breaking the myths! https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/its-the-eu-not-western-balkan-enlargement More on @BalkanInsight https://balkaninsight.com/2021/02/01/supporting-western-balkans-eu-prospects-wont-hurt-macron/ or an in depth analysis with @Sebgricourt on @j_jaures tomorrow. @osfEUpolicy @d_part
![1-[THREAD] on French politics and #WesternBalkans enlargement. Our NEW research breaking the myths! https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/its-the-eu-not-western-balkan-enlargement More on @BalkanInsight https://balkaninsight.com/2021/02/01/supporting-western-balkans-eu-prospects-wont-hurt-macron/ or an in depth analysis with @Sebgricourt on @j_jaures tomorrow. @osfEUpolicy @d_part](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtIi1SeWMAEk3QF.jpg "1-[THREAD] on French politics and #WesternBalkans enlargement. Our NEW research breaking the myths! https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/its-the-eu-not-western-balkan-enlargement More on @BalkanInsight https://balkaninsight.com/2021/02/01/supporting-western-balkans-eu-prospects-wont-hurt-macron/ or an in depth analysis with @Sebgricourt on @j_jaures tomorrow. @osfEUpolicy @d_part")
2-Until a few years ago, French enlargement policies were decided by the executive and a “close-knit community” of people. French public opinion mattered little. #NatashaWunsch @BiEPAG wrote about it http://aei.pitt.edu/66050/1/pub_5832_eu_member_states_and_enlargement_towards_the_balkans.pdf 
3-With the 2005 referendum on the European Constitution, the French government (to lure the right to vote "yes") proposed amending the French constitution in order to subject any future enlargement to a popular vote. "any future enlargement"= 
context https://ovipot.hypotheses.org/321
context https://ovipot.hypotheses.org/321
4-The EU Constitution, we all know failed, but the article 88-5 got adopted. In 2008, constitutional amendments proposed by 
government under @NicolasSarkozy foresaw the abolition of this article. Finally, it was not abolished but 'softened'. How?
government under @NicolasSarkozy foresaw the abolition of this article. Finally, it was not abolished but 'softened'. How?
5-Additional paragraphs were added: one allowing a 3/5 qualified majority in the French parliament to ratify a Treaty of Accession with any candidate country. Thus creating a possibility to circumvent the referendum on every new accession through parliamentary procedure.
6-In 2006 in the @EurobarometerEU http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_255_en.pdf a majority of the French (from 46% to 55% depending on candidate country, were pro enlargement) In 2019 https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/surveyKy/2253 32% were for enlargement 58% were against. Our yes/no survey question confirms this trend
7-Influenced by these polls, @EmmanuelMacron poured cold water on fast track EU membership hopes of the #WesternBalkans in 2018. @LTregoures wrote eloquently about it for the @j_jaures here: https://jean-jaures.org/nos-productions/l-elargissement-de-l-ue-aux-balkans-un-pas-en-avant-deux-pas-en-arriere
8-In 2019, France vetoed the opening of the accession negotiations with 
&
. I wrote about it here for @EURACTIV @GeorgiGotev: https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/opinion/macron-and-the-eu-enlargement-make-believe/ France finally agreed to the opening of accession talks - in the midst of the pandemic, when no one was watching
&. I wrote about it here for @EURACTIV @GeorgiGotev: https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/opinion/macron-and-the-eu-enlargement-make-believe/ France finally agreed to the opening of accession talks - in the midst of the pandemic, when no one was watching
9- veto in 2019 paved the way for 
December 2020 veto on the opening of the first negotiating chapters with , and by consequence about the veto read @ZoranNechev @IDSCS_Skopje https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2020/11/26/bulgaria-from-a-strong-champion-of-enlargement-to-its-potential-grave-digger/ and @gbuldioski @vtcherneva @ecfr https://ecfr.eu/article/how-to-advance-a-european-solution-to-bulgarias-and-north-macedonias-dispute/
veto in 2019 paved the way for December 2020 veto on the opening of the first negotiating chapters with , and by consequence about the veto read @ZoranNechev @IDSCS_Skopje https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2020/11/26/bulgaria-from-a-strong-champion-of-enlargement-to-its-potential-grave-digger/ and @gbuldioski @vtcherneva @ecfr https://ecfr.eu/article/how-to-advance-a-european-solution-to-bulgarias-and-north-macedonias-dispute/
10-France's enlargement policies followed Macron's "virage à droite" internally. After annihilating the center-left in 2017, he started looking to the right. The emblematic article in Valeurs-Actuelles @Valeurs from 2019 https://www.euractiv.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/11/Valeurs-Actuelles.pdf is illustrative of this turn...
11-With the change of rhetoric, a departure of some left voters was compensated by appealing to those from the right. To understand this shift confront 2 great reportages on Macron's campaign in 2017 by Aubenas https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/03/24/voyage-dans-la-france-de-macron_5100256_4854003.html & @sderoyer in 2020 https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2020/03/07/il-est-cash-comme-sarkozy-mais-en-plus-fin-voyage-dans-la-france-de-macron_6032152_823448.html
12-In a November 2019 article @HeleneFouquet & @IanWishart wrote about Macron's "Algorithm for Taking Control of Europe” https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/macron-s-plan-to-take-control-of-europe-moves-on-to-phase-two according to @business Macron's EU/enlargement policies are made, not in the Élysée or Quai d'Orsay but by his LREM campaign team.
13-For an illustration of how #WB6 enlargement became a victim of internal politics see @franceinter TV debate in the campaign for the 2019 European Parliament elections, where candidates competed in anti-enlargement zeal. https://twitter.com/franceinter/status/1113908350910124032?s=20
internal politics see @franceinter TV debate in the campaign for the 2019 European Parliament elections, where candidates competed in anti-enlargement zeal. https://twitter.com/franceinter/status/1113908350910124032?s=20
14- Almost everyone at our Lyon focus groups (even those against enlargement), shrugged the 2019 debate off with bewilderment & contemptuous laughter. They prefer enjoying what their beautiful city has to offer to watching cheap politicking on TV.
15-Via a large sample survey and focus groups we conducted in 2020, our study finds that the question of Western Balkan accession is not greatly important for most of the French population. Only 22% of the population are against enlargement & this issue matters to them
16-The difference in attitudes towards Turkey’s membership is striking. Asked about the potential EU accession of , 30% of French respondents said they were greatly concerned about its impact on their lives. Only 8% said the same for WB countries joining the EU
, 30% of French respondents said they were greatly concerned about its impact on their lives. Only 8% said the same for WB countries joining the EU
17-Given its low importance to French voters, continued EU accession negotiation with #WesternBalkan are unlikely to have an impact on elections. Fears that voters might punish the French govt over the issue seem completely unfounded.
elections. Fears that voters might punish the French govt over the issue seem completely unfounded.
18-Quoting the Clinton 1992 campaign phrase "It's the economy, stupid", we named our report "It's the EU not WB enlargement...". Public attitudes reflect general views of the EU more than stereotypes or concerns specific to the WB countries. What does this mean?
19-Well, this means that virtually no part of electorate is pro-EU but strongly against WB EU membership. Only 22% of the French, people who would not vote for the mainstream parties, could channel their disaffection with WB EU accession into a vote against the government.
electorate is pro-EU but strongly against WB EU membership. Only 22% of the French, people who would not vote for the mainstream parties, could channel their disaffection with WB EU accession into a vote against the government.
20-Across all focus groups, participants, including some hardline opponents of enlargement, recognised that the EU membership of the Western Balkans would bring geopolitical advantages to France, EU and WB. Read what they said
21-Adding to Macron's @TheEconomist interview, where he said: EU needs to start thinking of itself as a geopolitical power @DimitarBechev and myself have argued that there will be no “geopolitical Europe” without Western Balkans in it https://www.europesfutures.eu/vault/geopolitical-europe-should-prove-its-mettle-in-the-balkans @erstefoundation
22-Combined with cutting off the 'dead weight' of Erdogan's dictatorship from the enlargement process, government would be able to convince the majority of its population that EU membership of #WB6 (and 
or 
should they wish to join) is in the interest of a strong EU.
government would be able to convince the majority of its population that EU membership of #WB6 (and or should they wish to join) is in the interest of a strong EU.
23-Additional measures to make sure that the French and other skeptical EU member states populations are not additionally frustrated by another round of enlargement, are proposed by @adicerimagic & @ZoranNechev & myself in the video below, https://twitter.com/srdjancvijic/status/1323547610599227392?s=20
24-To sum up. It makes no political sense for to block candidate countries on their EU membership path. Opening the 1st negotiating chapters with and would not hurt President Macron's chances in 2022.
to block candidate countries on their EU membership path. Opening the 1st negotiating chapters with and would not hurt President Macron's chances in 2022.
25-If there is Twitter in the afterlife then my 
late father who dreamt that his Belgrade and Paris will finally be in a strong & united Europe, would be able to read our research. I dedicate this research to him. On my dad's EU dream read @tom_nuttall https://www.economist.com/europe/2017/07/13/the-eu-must-show-the-balkans-they-still-have-a-chance-of-joining
late father who dreamt that his Belgrade and Paris will finally be in a strong & united Europe, would be able to read our research. I dedicate this research to him. On my dad's EU dream read @tom_nuttall https://www.economist.com/europe/2017/07/13/the-eu-must-show-the-balkans-they-still-have-a-chance-of-joining
