Aircraft Ground De/Anti Icing removes ice from critical external surfaces & protects those surfaces for the period, between treatment and becoming airborne.

The clean airplane concept describes an airplane that is aerodynamically clean — that is, free of frozen contaminants.
De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface by heating/mechanical/fluid.

Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that can not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time (Holdover time.)
But why does it matter?

The wing & empennage are designed with a specific shape, in order to provide lift & control.

Snow and ice on these areas changes their shape, adds weight & drag - disrupting the airflow over the surface. It could also disrupt the control surfaces.
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