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Thanks @clarewenham for starting discussion on effects of the pandemic on gender inequalities, highlighting importance, need for policy advice; I pulled together comments that followed, showing complexities, on context, impact channels, measurement (1/16)
Context: paper on gender effects of pandemic Colombia @WorldBank
authors Cuesta & Pico show ‘ men and women report similar poverty impacts from pandemic and policies’ - but 'results should not be taken as lessening the importance of gendered perspective' https://twitter.com/clarewenham/status/1349725994752503808
authors Cuesta & Pico show ‘ men and women report similar poverty impacts from pandemic and policies’ - but 'results should not be taken as lessening the importance of gendered perspective' https://twitter.com/clarewenham/status/1349725994752503808
(3/16) Research in Peru Triveli IEP on labor market changes showed “La caída en el empleo de las mujeres (comparando con similar período 2018/2019) es 1,5 veces mayor para las mujeres (9,2% vs 6,1%). Y estas cifras aún seguirán empeorando” https://iep.org.pe/noticias/columna-una-respuesta-desproporcionada-por-carolina-trivelli/
(4/16) see also ongoing work @GRADEPeru @hugonopo in 16 Latin American countries, and knowledge resource @SVoice2030 http://southernvoice.org/covid-19-by-sdg/?sdg=249
(5/16) a key question is how the pandemic and changes are impacting social norms; this paper highlights these matter also at employer side https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26947/w26947.pdf
(6/16) this paper by World Bank incl @markus_gold focusing on Africa is an important read https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34016
(7/16) While many studies use existing data & surveys, and with pandemic restrictions, the work by @wiego & this survey of women workers in informal sector is so important: social protection fell short in many cases, and grassroot organizations stepped up https://www.wiego.org/sites/default/files/publications/file/Alfers%20workers%20COVID19%20social%20protection%20policy%20insight%202%20Dec%202020.pdf
(8/16) Transmission channels are context-specific (clear for Colombia on sectors and where women concentrate). This was highlighted for external shocks eg trade liberalization by @jannekepieters with the late Klasen
(9/16) Gender impacts (and thus needed policy) depend on structure of and gender divisions in labor market, sectoral and occupational segregation (very persistent @jannekepieters ), and extent of unpaid work or self-employment (important work on promoting mobility @markus_gold )
(10/16) Pre-existing social protection policies, and their gender focus key - pre-covid paper on how social protection (incl universal basic income) can address AND reinforce gender inequalities in work,
policy inconsistencies & opps @FraBastagli https://www.odi.org/publications/17356-social-protection-and-future-work-gender-analysis
policy inconsistencies & opps @FraBastagli https://www.odi.org/publications/17356-social-protection-and-future-work-gender-analysis
(11/16) @fhgferreira had highlighted a similar point on inequalities more broadly, referring to a progressive pandemic response in Brazil (ref?)
(12/16) A paper by Abay et al @IFPRI with @PEPnetwork shows how Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security of households, mothers, and children https://portal.pep-net.org/public/project/20593
(13/16) as @clarewenham highlighted how gender equality is measures matters. Colombia paper restrictive (explicit) assumptions: " narrowly define labor as paid & waged .. focus solely monetary poverty.. assume household members share earnings equally.. " https://twitter.com/clarewenham/status/1349725994752503808
(14/16) experts like @modonnell1231 poverty data has always been problematic from a gender perspective, and pointed at https://vox.lacea.org/?q=abstract/co - describes the cascading negative effects for women
(15/16) looking at time poverty would be key : work (pre COVID) e.g. Ajit Zacharias @LevyEcon on measurement of time poverty, uncovers large gender differences
(16/16) surveys @Gender_COVID19 @KarenGrepin
@Val_Mueller_ASU in Bangladesh, Kenya & Nigeria are capturing daily routines and over all well being (decision making, financial changes, heath service utilization)
@Val_Mueller_ASU in Bangladesh, Kenya & Nigeria are capturing daily routines and over all well being (decision making, financial changes, heath service utilization)
(17/16 - almost got count right!): a @GrOW4Women @IDRC_CRDI @diva_dhar @KateGrantham et al. currently synthesizing what we know about the impact of the pandemic on the care economy; first results expected by end of this month
this should have mentioned the work @UN_Women in 30+ countries showing disproportional increase women's burden & impact social norms https://data.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Whose-time-to-care-brief_0.pdf
