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How do vaccines get from the manufacturer to vaccination sites, even in remote parts of our country?
As India starts off Covid19 vaccination today, we take a look at the logistical backbone that drives our immunization programmes that cover over 55 million of us a year.
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As India starts off Covid19 vaccination today, we take a look at the logistical backbone that drives our immunization programmes that cover over 55 million of us a year.
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There are multiple layers in the vaccine supply chain, trickling from primary vaccine stores to District/Block level stores.
a. Primary vaccine stores: GMSDs and State Vaccine Stores (SVS) receive vaccines directly from manufacturers and are primary vaccine stores.
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a. Primary vaccine stores: GMSDs and State Vaccine Stores (SVS) receive vaccines directly from manufacturers and are primary vaccine stores.
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There are 4 GMSDs or Government Medical Store Depots in the country, with each covering multiple states.
GMSDs are located in Karnal, Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai.
States covered under each GMSD is shown in the attached image.
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GMSDs are located in Karnal, Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai.
States covered under each GMSD is shown in the attached image.
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b. State Vaccine Stores receive vaccines either from GMSD or directly from the manufacturer. There are 53 SVSs in the country.
c. SVS supplies the vaccine to egional Vaccine Stores (RVS).
d. District Vaccine Stores (DVS), receive vaccines from SVS and distribute to CHC/PHC.
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c. SVS supplies the vaccine to egional Vaccine Stores (RVS).
d. District Vaccine Stores (DVS), receive vaccines from SVS and distribute to CHC/PHC.
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For eg. Karnataka has:
2 State Vaccine Stores - Bengaluru and Belagavi.
5 Regional Vaccine Stores - Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Mysuru, Dakshina Kannada and Kalburgi.
The RVSs of TN and districts covered by each RVS is given in attached image.
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2 State Vaccine Stores - Bengaluru and Belagavi.5 Regional Vaccine Stores - Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Mysuru, Dakshina Kannada and Kalburgi.The RVSs of TN and districts covered by each RVS is given in attached image.
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e. Block Vaccine Stores: These are typically in Public and Community Health centers and play the role of further distributing to last cold chain point if required.
f. Last cold chain point: These receive from CHC/PHC and distribute to vaccination sites on day of vaccination.
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f. Last cold chain point: These receive from CHC/PHC and distribute to vaccination sites on day of vaccination.
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India has 4 GMSDs, 53 SVSs, 110 RVSs, 666 DVSs and 25k+ further cold chain points in it's vaccination cold chain network.
In the next tweet we look at a summary of the transportation and storage details.
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In the next tweet we look at a summary of the transportation and storage details.
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A wide range of storage equipments and means of transportation are used at different points of the supply chain.
Walk In Coolers, Walk In Freezers, Deep Freezers, Ice Lined Refrigerators, Refrigerated vans, cold boxes, portable vaccine carriers etc. are used as shown below:
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Walk In Coolers, Walk In Freezers, Deep Freezers, Ice Lined Refrigerators, Refrigerated vans, cold boxes, portable vaccine carriers etc. are used as shown below:
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A note on two of the many equipments used:
a. Walk In Freezer: Maintains temp. b/w -15C to -25C. Used for bulk storage of OPV and Rota virus vaccines. Pre-fabricated, insulated cold room with 2 refrigeration units and generator. Installed at GMSD, SVS, RVS.
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a. Walk In Freezer: Maintains temp. b/w -15C to -25C. Used for bulk storage of OPV and Rota virus vaccines. Pre-fabricated, insulated cold room with 2 refrigeration units and generator. Installed at GMSD, SVS, RVS.
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b. Walk In Coolers: Maintains temp. b/w +2C to +8C and stores BCG, Hepatisis B, TT, Measles etc. Installed at GMSD, SVS, RVS and some DVS.
We hope this thread gave you an appreciation of our vaccination logistics framework.
All data, images from http://nccmis.org .
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We hope this thread gave you an appreciation of our vaccination logistics framework.
All data, images from http://nccmis.org .
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