Great section of @AINowInstitute report that points to why we hire CART captionists instead of using an automated captioning system for our events- https://ainowinstitute.org/disabilitybiasai-2019.pdf: "AI and automated systems are also being introduced as replacements for human workers who help provide 1/

disabled people access. But as scholar Louise Hickman points out, services like transcription require more than the ability to transcribe spoken language into text. For example, Communication Access Real-time Translation (CART) operators, who provide transcriptions for Deaf 2/

people, rely on their own “affective capacity to make sense of, and code, speech.” This capacity is developed in relationship with the person whom CART transcription serves, allowing the CART operator to draft a personalized “dictionary” that contains domain knowledge specific 3/

to a given person and their needs.The move to replace human workers with AI transcription services is thus “premised on the idea that the means of access is a neutral process of transferring speech and visual data into readable and spoken text,in turn disavowing the centrality 4/

of situated and affective labor in the complexity of access work.”( https://doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v5i1.32081.) Such“replacements” are premised on the idea that an AI system can replace a human,invoking the “Software Model of Personhood” in which intelligence and ability are viewed as the domain 5/

of information processing, and embodied experience, human connection, and care work are excluded." Louise Hickman, “Transcription Work and the Practices of Crip Technoscience,” ​Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience​ Vol 5, no, 1:(2019) within https://ainowinstitute.org/disabilitybiasai-2019.pdf 6/6