1/3 @ClinpsychLucy Hi Lucy, In PTMF overview trauma, is stated 155 times, genes, temperament, neurodevelopmental, hardly at all. Trauma is singularly causal of distress in PTMF, ie 2D causality. Rutter cautioned long ago of the need to differentiate what people think leads to

2/3 distress with actual causal mechanisms using scientific methods. PTMF neglects how adversity interacts enormously with gene x environment, temperament, cognition, neurodevelopmental difficulties, those of us with very high "ACE's" who are thriving in life see a trauma

3/3 obsession on PTMF - we are about to publish a longitudinal study on psychopathy and interpersonal trauma (IT) showing IT as almost irrelevant as a causal mechanism - 4% of the variance of psychopathy traits explained. You cant put all your causal eggs in one basket.