2/ These features are seen near the Martian south pole; plumes of dark material blown back by the (very weak) wind. But what creates the plumes?

Well, um... Martian spiders.

To be more clear, the spiders form along with the plumes. And they aren't spiders. Kinda.
3/ It's not understood exactly how they form, but the best guess is a layer of dry ice that formed in winter starts to sublimate from the bottom up as sunlight increases in spring. Pressure builds until BANG! The ice thinning cracks and the gas escapes.
4/ The gas erodes furrows in the ground as it flows toward the breach. It carried darker material with it that form the plumes. Over years, as the process repeats, the furrows deepen and connect with each other, forming spider-like features.
5/ This shows different spots in the region that can represent the timeline of how this works. Each feature is called araneiform, literally "spider-like formation". I think you can see why.
6/ When these were first seen in the late 90s they were a complete mystery. Some folks (incl. Arthur C. Clarke!) thought they may be signs of life. Trees!

Bit of a leap, but in their defense NOTHING like this is seen on Earth. These are utterly alien formations.
7/7 I have lots more info in my article, with more details on their possible formation. But this is a reminder that Mars is a bizarre, literally alien world, and we still don't really understand what it's doing. Like making hundred-meter-wide spiders. https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/mars-is-weird
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