அடுத்து ஆரம்பிக்கலாங்களா?

*General Business - Artificial Intelligence - Big Data.

*No one can run and hide away from technology as we are designed to be a part of this system change.

*Sorry for the inconvenience of writing this thread in English.

General Business

Business can be defined as an entity to make money providing products and services through buying and selling. Different types of Business organisations are,

1. Sole Proprietorship
2. Partnership
3. Limited Liability Company
4. Corporation

5. Non Profit Organisation
6. Charitable Organisation

Sole Proprietorship

Most common form of Business ownership is sole proprietorship which is a Business owned and run by an individual for his/her own benefits.

General Partnerships

In general partnerships, two or more owners invest their money to the Business and are equally 100% liable for Business debts. General partnerships do not require a formal agreement.

Limited Liability Company

Limited Liability Company allow partners to limit their individual liability for business debts according to their portion of ownership which is basically based on investments. Limited partnerships require a formal agreement between the partners.

Corporation

Corporation is a separate entity which is considered a legal person. Profits generated by a corporation is taxed as the “personal income” of the company.

Non Profit Organisation

Non Profit Organisations are associations, clubs or societies that are not charities and are operated exclusively for social welfare, civic improvement or any other purposes except profit.

Charitable Organisation

Charitable Organisations either private or public foundations are working towards the relief of poverty, advancement of education or other purposes that benefit the community.

Business Management

1. Managing Money
2. Managing People
3. Managing Information

Managing Money

*Investments = Capital investments into the Business.

*Cash Flow = Cash Inflow (Consumer buying) - Cash Outflow (Payments).

*Profit = Revenue (Sales) - Expenses (Payments).

Managing People

*Employees = Works for the Business.

*Shareholders = Share Investments in the Business.

*Stakeholders = Part of Business movements.

Managing Information

Business Information Management (BIM) focus on managing informations both hardware and software related to planning, resources, manufacturing, production, financing, taxing, sales and marketing.

Business Essence

Business Hypothesis = Assumptions and needs logical reasoning for positive outcome

Business Theory = Real data which are logically investigated

Business Facts = True and fundamental observations

Business Laws = Descriptions on how to form & run a Business

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution includes from Mechanical Revolution to Digital Revolution

1784 = Water & Steam Power Mechanical Product

1870 = Electrical Energy For Mass Production

1969 = Computers - Electronics - Automation

20XX = Artificial Intelligence

Silicon Valley

Studying Artificial Intelligence takes us to Silicon Valley as it is the hub for Digital Revolution. World's largest Corporations are located in Silicon Valley. Majority of World population works for Silicon Valley companies either directly or indirectly.

Silicon Valley was named after the Silicon which is needed to make Semiconductor Computer Chips. Silicon Valley is a hub for turning innovative companies into a profitable zone. Today Silicon Valley makes lot of Business in which Business are heavily dependent on Computers.

Computers are heavily dependent on Semiconductors. These Semiconductors are generally created using Silicon. Semiconductors conducts electricity under some conditions which is employed in various modern electronic devices.

Semiconductors conductivity lies between the conductivity of conductors and insulators. Old generation Computers used Transistor and Diode Circuits while modern computers use Integrated Circuits (IC).

Diode = A Semiconductor device in which current flows in one direction.

Transistor = A Semiconductor device which transfers weak signal from low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit.

IC = A Semiconductors device made up of several components of various types like transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors which are pre-wired into a

specific circuit having a specific function that it performs. An IC can now have as few as two components to hundreds of billions of components in it and soon the IC making technology will likely be able to put hundreds of trillions of components in one IC.

Computer Development Phase

1990s = Web 1.0 = Readable Web = Read Only Web = User can read Informations.

2000s = Web 2.0 = Writable Web = Read - Write Web = User can read and generate Contents.

2010s = Web 3.0 = Executable Web = Read - Write - Execute = Artificial Intelligence

Google, Amazon, Salesforce provides Cloud Computing for developers to create Web Apps for their users to connect them on any devices anytime and anywhere which is the starting stage of Web 3.0 era.

Dartmouth Conference

In 1950, Alan Turing founded "Turing Test" (Imitation Game) with reference to his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" with the question "Can Machines Think?”. Turing Test was an earliest AI model to determine whether computers can act Intelligent

like Humans requiring that a Human should be unable to distinguish Machine from another Human by using the replies to questions put to both. In 1954, Alan Turing died due to cyanide poisoning. In 1956, Dartmouth conference gave birth to AI. The term "Artificial Intelligence" was

coined by John McCarthy. It was a conference organised by Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, Claude Shannon and Nathan Rochester of IBM. Proposal for the conference meant that "every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a

machine can be made to simulate it”. At the conference Newell and Simon debuted the "Logic Theorist” paper which discussed about the automated reasoning.

Artificial Intelligence

In simple terms, Artificial Intelligence means a machine to understand the informations submitted

through various pattern recognitions. Automations are static model like remainder SMS while Artificial Intelligence are dynamic model like Robots. Present AI examples are,

*Natural Language Processing (Google Translate).

*Speech - Image - Gesture Recognition (Mac Siri, Deep Dream).

*Recommender Systems (Netflix, Prime, Hot-star, Zee5, Sony Liv).

Class Of Artificial Intelligence

Two types of Artificial Intelligence are Weak Artificial Intelligence and Strong Artificial Intelligence.

Examples for Weak Artificial Intelligence are Industrial Robots, Mac Siri, Amazon Echo, Google Assistant. Strong AI where machines can function equally like Humans are in the stages of research and development. Subset of Artificial Intelligence are,

*Machine Learning = Based on Algorithms.

*Deep Learning = Based on Neural Networks.

Machine Learning

Machine Learning provides the ability to systems to automatically learn and improvise from experience without being precisely programmed.

Machine Learning consists of four types as,

1. Supervised Machine Learning
2. Unsupervised Machine Learning
3. Semi - Supervised Machine Learning
4. Reinforcement Learning

Supervised Machine Learning

*Classification = When the output variable is a category. Example - “Fever” / “No Fever”.

*Regression = When the output variable is a real continuous value. Example - Share Price Prediction.

Unsupervised Machine Learning

*Clustering = Discovering the inherent groupings in the data. Example - Grouping mammals based on some characteristics.

*Association = Discovering association rules. Example - People buying Chocolate also tends to buy Juice.

Semi - Supervised Machine Learning

Algorithm combination will contain a very small amount of labeled data and a very large amount of unlabelled data. It is programmed to use the existing labeled data to label the rest of the unlabelled data.

Reinforcement Learning

System learns from a series of reinforcements in which positive ones are known as rewards while the negative ones are one as punishments.

Deep Learning

Deep Learning is a model which will be able to learn without human supervisions drawing from

data that is both labelled and unlabelled. It is a representation learning which consists of Neural Networks called Perceptrons.

Evolution Of Electronic Machines

*Tally Sticks = Ancient memory aid device to record and document messages which was used during Roman & Inca Empire

*Punched Cards = In 1801, Joseph Jacquard demonstrated a chain of multiple cards punched with holes that determine which cords of the fabric warp should be raised for each pass of the shuttle.

*Camera = George Eastman introduced Kodak Cameras in 1888.

*Radio = Invented by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901 who broadcasted the first transatlantic radio signals.

*Television = Basic TV system designed by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in 1927.

*ROM = Read Only Memory semiconductor chips produced by Sylvania Electronics for Honeywell in 1965.

*Touchscreen = Eric Johnson invented the touch display in 1965.

*Compact Cassette = Philips introduced a magnetic tape for audio recording and playback in 1965.

*DRAM = Dynamic Random Access Memory chips was introduced by IBM in 1968.

*Floppy Disks = Magnetic storage medium introduced by IBM in 1971 after a long research from 1967.

*Personal Computer = Micro Instrumentation Telemetry System introduced first PC named Altair 8800 in 1974.

*Compact Disk = CD was co-developed by Sony and Philips in 1982.

*Laptop Computer = Introduced by Toshiba in 1985 using floppy disks with no hard drives.

*WWW = World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners Lee in 1989 while working at CERN.

*Tablet = GRiD Systems introduced GRiDPad 1900 Tablet with a tethered pen resistive screen in 1989.

*USB = Introduced by Intel in 1995, easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs.

*Pen Drive = Introduced by IBM in 1998 which replaced floppy disks.

*Strong Artificial Intelligence = In development phase.

Big Data Analytics

1. Social Media Analytics (Liking /Reviewing)
2. Website Analytics (Clicking / Buying)
3. Sales Data (Selling / Transactions)
4. Advertising (Communicating)
5. Marketing (Branding)

Big Data Processing

*Data Acquisition = Selection = Select the data set.

*Data Warehousing = Repository = Store the selected data set.

*Data Mining = Preprocess = Clean the stored data with errors.

*Data Confirmation = Design = Model the cleaned data with algorithm pattern.

*Data Visualisation = Infographics = Visualise the confirmed data set.

*Data Reporting = Action = Final interpretation of the refined data set.

4 V Of Big Data

*Volume = Huge size of Data is analysed and processed where the size are larger than Tera Bytes and Peta Bytes.

*Velocity = Speed with which the Data is generated.

*Variety = Classify the incoming Data various set as structured, semi structured and unstructured Data.

*Veracity = Quality of the data is analysed where meaningless abnormal data set is referred to as noise.

Data Terms

*Quantitative Data = Based on counts or measurements Data.

*Qualitative Data = Based on descriptions and observations Data.

*Metadata = Data about the Data.

*Data Set = Collection and organisation of Data.

*Database = Electronic storage and manipulation of Data.

*Tabular Data = Data structured into rows in a table.

*Correlation Data = Cause and effect of Data.

*Data Bias = Collection or Analysis of Data with predetermined ideas, prejudice or influence.

*Data Breach = Data is stolen from a system without the knowledge of the Data owner.

Data Files Size

*1 Bit = Binary Digit

*8 Bits = 1 Byte

*1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte

*1024 Kilo Bytes = 1 Mega Byte

*1024 Mega Bytes = 1 Giga Byte

*1024 Giga Bytes = 1 Tera Byte

*1024 Tera Bytes = 1 Peta Byte

*1024 Peta Bytes = 1 Exa Byte

*1024 Exa Bytes = 1 Zetta Byte

*1024 Zetta Bytes = 1 Yotta Byte

*1024 Yotta Bytes = 1 Bronto Byte

*1024 Bronto Bytes = 1 Geop Byte

Big Data Touch Points

1. Online Advertisements
2. E-Commerce Website
3. Mobile Applications
4. Email Subscriptions
5. Company Events
6. Product Reviews
7. Loyalt Programs
8. Social Media

Digital Marketing

Big Data plays an important role in Digital Marketing as each day informations shared by consumers in digital platforms are increasing significantly. With the support of Big Data, market giants can analyse the movement of consumer activities in depth.

Digital Marketing is a technology based vital marketing tool for connecting consumers through the technology to promote sales and services with IoT. Various tools of Digital Marketing are,

*IoT = Internet of Things = System of interrelated computing devices with the the ability

to transfer data over a wireless network without human interventions.

*PPC = Pay Per Click = Advertisers pay a fee each time if one of their ads is clicked. It is a tool for buying visits to websites rather than earning those visits organically.

*SEO = Search Engine Optimisation = Process of optimising websites that will appear in noticeable positions in the organic results of search engines.

*Banner Ads = Image based rectangular graphic display that stretches across the top, bottom, or sides of an online website.

*Email Marketing = Emailing potential consumers to promote products or services.

*Integrated Marketing = Communication mediums like advertising, sales promotion, public relations and social media are centred for promoting products to consumers.

*Content Marketing = Technique of creating and distributing valuable contents to attract the defined audience.

*Affiliate Marketing = Promoting X company products in Y company website and Y company earns a commission by making consumers buy X company product.

*Google Analytics = Free web analytics tool to analyse companies website traffic.

Conclusion

1. Business depends on Management.

2. Management depends on Computers.

3. Computers evolving to Artificial Intelligence.

4. Artificial Intelligence depends on Big Data.

We are witnessing the Digital Revolution and moving towards the automated World in the near future.

Thank You.