#TodayinHistory in 1901, U.S. military gov-gen of #PH, Arthur MacArthur, father of Douglas MacArthur, ordered the exile of captured leaders of the 1st #PH Republic who refused to swear allegiance to the U.S. flag. Among them were Apolinario Mabini, & Artemio Ricarte. THREAD.

With the inauguration of the 1st #PH Republic on 23 January 1899 amidst the rising tension bet. the US & Filipino forces, after the Treaty of Paris & PH cession to US, the Philippine-American War broke out on 4 Feb. https://twitter.com/indiohistorian/status/1224507211327643648?s=20

Apolinario Mabini, head of the 1st Aguinaldo cabinet, seeing how many people in Congress who opted for autonomy under U.S. sovereignty than independence influenced Aguinaldo, upending the Malolos Constitution they were sworn to upheld, he stepped down from the position on 7 May.

Since then, Mabini wrote on newspapers and were considered for the position of Chief Justice. But this was blocked by the autonomists in Congress. He was captured by the Americans on 10 Dec 1899, tagged by them as the most "intransigent" of Filipinos. https://twitter.com/indiohistorian/status/1286251700731297794?s=20

Meanwhile, Artemio Ricarte, long-time member of the Katipunan, and later general under the 1st #PH Republic, tried to penetrate #Manila on July 1900 but ended up being captured by the Americans.

#OnThisDay in 1901, as military governor of US-occupied #PH, even as the Philippine-American War was being waged, Mabini, Ricarte, and other captured leaders like Pablo Ocampo, & Maximino Hizon, among others, were ordered deported to Guam, for refusing to swear allegiance to .

The capture of Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, Isabela, on 23 March 1901 greatly weakened the Filipino resistance to American rule, but it continued on for a decade. Many of the generals who continued fighting were branded as bandits & criminals. https://twitter.com/indiohistorian/status/1242041472821559296?s=20

Photos:

- Boarding of Filipino exiles bound for Guam, 1901, from Arnaldo Dumindin
- The Wichita Daily Eagle frontpage, 11 Dec 1899, from Arnaldo Dumindin
- Portrait of Artemio Ricarte, as featured in Harper's Weekly, 6 January 1900

For @subselfie. @jmnualla @tonitiemsin