1/ How green is your mobile?

"Network opex tends to account for around 25% of a mobile operator cost base, or 10% of revenue. Over 90% of network costs are spent on energy...Most of this spend powers the RAN, with data centers and fiber a smaller share." https://data.gsmaintelligence.com/api-web/v2/research-file-download?id=54165956&file=241120-5G-energy.pdf

2/ The good news: "5G NR offers a significant energy-efficiency improvement per gigabyte." The reality: People are using many more gigabytes.

"6.4 GB per user per month in 2019 and forecast to grow threefold on a per-user basis over the next five years."

3/ Solutions to using less energy include: AI-driven network sleep states (turn networks off or down as with a rheostat when not in use or lightly used), more efficient batteries and decentralized site deployments with compute power pushed towards the edge. https://www.eetimes.com/putting-the-heat-on-5g-networks-energy-dilemma/