You'll notice that most Filipino academics posit Philippine National Police (PNP) is embedded in colonialism/imperialism; precursor of the PNP, Philippine Constabulary (PC) was estab. 1901 under supervision of the governor-general to maintain "peace, law, and order" state-wide.

However, the main goal of the PC was to conduct anti-insurgency campaigns (torture, scorched-earth) against remaining Filipino revolutionaries, who continued fighting following the capture of Aguinaldo in 1901, historically, the fighting continued 'til 1906.

After experiencing the PH, some went back to US to apply their knowledge of hunting down and suppressing revolutionaries; e.g. Jesse Garwood brought methods of militarized espionage and political suppression to bear on miners and factory workers in Penn in 1915, crushing strikes.

Another well-known figure, August Vollmer, after serving in the PH, became chief of police of Berkley, California and wrote the most influential textbook of modern policing; The PH simply started out as testing ground of American policing and state surveillance.

Some might say, PC/PNP "exist to keep us safe, or so we are told by mainstream media and popular culture," but historically, PC/PNP is rooted in American imperialism, created like hunting dogs and will do anything to protect their "amo": the police are not here to protect you.

Further reading, see: 'Policing America’s Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the Surveillance State' and 'In The Shadows of the American Century' by Alfred McCoy, @ateneopress and ' End of Policing' by Alex Vitale, @VersoBooks. #StopTheKillingsPH