When risks scale linearly danger is proportional to size and things predictable. Low probability events with exponential effects are unpredictable. The more of these the more fragile the system is. Covid proved these "Black Swans" exist. That's why "mutations" panic the planners.

The reason complexity threatens the planners is it causes many more interactions to happen, not only of the camper wandering into nature kind but of the technology modifying nature sort. Rare events (some with exponential effects) become more common. Surprises proliferate.

But it's not all bad news. "Some things benefit from shocks; they thrive and grow when exposed to volatility, randomness, disorder, and stressors and love adventure, risk, and uncertainty. ... Let us call it antifragile."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifragile

The antifragile effect was also manifested in the crisis. That so many vaccines based on so many approaches were developed so rapidly -- THREE of the first four by US companies -- is the flip side of the coin.

The world contributed as it could in a variety of ways according to their comparative advantages. The only thing to fear is one sided safetyism; the instinct to curl up into a ball and scream, pulling the centralization lever over and over again.