Sanskrit - An introduction

Sanskrit has 3 Genders -

Masculine(पुल्लिङ्ग), feminine(स्त्रीलिङ्ग) and neuter(नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

Each Noun is in one of these three genders for example

वृक्ष , राम - Masculine

जल, वन - neuter

नदी, बालिका - Feminine

In English we have third person, Second person and first person
Similarly in sanskrit we have Prathama Purusha, Madhyama Purusha, Uttama Purusha.

Pratham purusha of Sanskrit = third person of english

We have Singular and Plural in English and Hindi, Sanskrit has an additional "Dual" form too.

Best way to learn sanskrit is to bring it in daily use, start using it, Mix sanskrit words with hindi and English no problem at least it will keep them in use.

some used words -
अहम् = I , आवाम् = we both, वयम् = we(more than 2)

सः = he, तौ = they both, ते = they (more then 2)

त्वम् = you

द्वारम् = Door, कारयानम् = Car, वातयानम् = Window, पादत्रम् = footwear, रेलयानम् = train, आसन् = seat, विमानम् = aeroplane
पुस्तकम् = Book,

पुष्पम्= flower

All these words are in Neuter form

These words change their forms according to number, gender and declension

पुष्पम् = 1 flower , पुष्पे = 2 flowers, पुष्पानि = many flowers

Same with पुस्तकम्, पुस्तके , पुस्तकानि
आसनम्, आसने, आसनानि

Neuter words are in same form when used as Subject as well as when used as performer of action

The forms are different for Masculine and Femenine
But same for Neuter

When used karta - Car goes = कारयानम् गच्छति
When used as subject = see the car = कारयानम् पश्य

Same form

It forms did not Change

Verbs-

Verbs are made from Roots in different tenses
Starting with 3

गम्- to go, पठ्- to read, दृश् = to see

Present tense (लट्)

गच्छति- he goes , गच्छसि = you go, गच्छामि- I go

पठति - he reads , पठसि - you read, पठामि- I read

पश्यति = he sees, पश्यसि- you see, पश्यामि = I see

Examples-

अहं गच्छामि - I am going
त्वं गच्छसि- you are going
सः गच्छति- he is going

सः पुस्तकं पठति = he is reading a book
अहं पुस्तकं पठामि = I am reading a book
त्वं पुस्तकं पठसि = you are reading a Book

अहं कारयानं पश्यामि = I seeing a car
त्वं द्वारं पश्यसि = you are seeing a door
सः विमानं पश्यति = he is seeing an aeroplane

अहं पुस्तकानि पश्यामि = I am seeing many books
सः पुस्तके पठति = he is reading 2 books
त्वं पादत्रे पश्यसि = you are seeing shoes (2)

सः पुस्तकानि पश्यति = he is looking at many books
सः पुष्पे पश्यति = he is looking at two flowers

Try making sentences yourself and using them

See this video if you want more clarity