Globally, anti-Chinese (and often anti-Asian) rhetoric and acts have spiked, ranging from avoidance of Chinese-owned business to calls for immigration/travel bans to epithets and violent acts. 2/8
Other forms of othering and violence have included anti-African (e.g. in China and Sicily), anti-Muslim (India), etc. 3/8
Beyond obvious/moral (othering is bad), there are significant policy implications of using medical emergencies as an opportunity to target marginalized/out-groups + inaction when a disease is seen primarily affecting out-groups (recalls Kushner comments about "Blue States") 4/8
Attempts to avoid this stigma within out-groups can result in needlessly risky behavior/denial of symptoms, etc. further fueling public health risks. 5/8
And pandemics can also provide a convenient excuse for leaders to enact non-health policies that target marginalized groups, under the guise of public health (e.g. structural changes to immigration beyond the scope of emergency).

6/8
A (not covered) similar risk would be the (mis)use of surveillance, beginning with track/trace systems, to target/monitor marginalized groups (see for example this from @seanmmcdonald https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/contact-tracing-apps-are-political/). 7/8
Finally, multilaterals have a role to play in countering these othering narratives/responses, but may be more limited given trends toward bilateral health diplomacy.

Would be int to see correlations between attitudes toward WHO and attitudes toward China by country/group... 8/8
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