Off-shore #windfarms are growing in size & number of turbines. More than a decade ago we wrote a paper ( https://marinebioacoustics.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/madsen_et_al_2006a.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3WgG5cL6YF6y3IaBYNG2N1RtrlR5Gcp7rPo96op54hepROqL7s3FGACpc )
showing that potential noise problems primarily arise from the construction phase of off-shore wind farms where #piledriving in particular... https://twitter.com/ASA_JASA/status/1337457568529182721

2) ...is of concern while the comparatively much weaker noise from the operating turbines is of much less concern. In a new study headed by @TougaardJakob , we have now revisited that problem for large new wind farms. In this paper ( https://marinebioacoustics.files.wordpress.com/2020/11/tougaard-et-al-2020-turbine-noise.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2q942tHUElldPEaWizs4Z7cbH1QWrbXEg82L9T_4OD6I90gophO1OFpu0)....

3)... we show that newer and larger turbines indeed are noisier in comparison to older versions, and that the combined #noise effects of such #turbines in a large wind farm are amounting to noise levels comparable to smaller cargo vessels, BUT...

4) Take home messages are that even a large operating wind farm is still contributing less noise to a marine habitat than a single large #cargoship, & that the noise levels close to individual turbines in a wind farm will always be much lower than close to a cargo vessel.