Read on Twitter
. @EssexBarrister I appreciated your contribution yesterday to the discussion on Sky. Wondered if I might offer a few pieces of the puzzle re disproportionality in terms of crime and policing?
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Nationally, '...among the broad ethnic groups, Black people were most likely to live in the 10% of neighbourhoods most deprived in relation to crime (27% of this group did so)’ https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/demographics/people-living-in-deprived-neighbourhoods/latest
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In London (and elsewhere), areas (here boroughs) with more crime are allocated more police officers (TNO = Total Notifiable Offences)
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Nationally, Black respondents to the Crime Survey for England & Wales are 2x as likely as White to report high visibility of police foot patrols (28% vs 14%).
Source: Table s11 https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/crimeinenglandandwalesannualtrendanddemographictables/current/annualtrendanddemographictables201920.xlsx
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Source: Table s11 https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/crimeinenglandandwalesannualtrendanddemographictables/current/annualtrendanddemographictables201920.xlsx
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So Black people are exposed to more policing in part as a function of being more likely to live in more deprived neighbourhoods with higher crime rates which in turn are allocated more police resources.
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Higher deprivation is associated with higher rates of murder... https://twitter.com/gmhales/status/988791700234686464?s=20
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Again in London, analysis by @MOPACLdn in their review of the #gangsmatrix shows that Black people are disproportionately affected by (esp more serious) violence as offenders and victims https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gangs_matrix_review_-_final.pdf
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Disproportionality in arrests varies by crime type - here I look at arrests of children by the Met (nb the importance of gender: disproportionality is higher for Black boys than girls) http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/2017/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ethnic_disproportionality_in_child_arrests.pdf
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There are connections between drug markets and violence, most strongly in the case of retail-level crack and heroin dealing. …https://b9cf6cd4-6aad-4419-a368-724e7d1352b9.usrfiles.com/ugd/b9cf6c_9fe6d78d7e354deeb00ffd194af6b281.pdf
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My sense (fr research on gun crime & drugs markets, plus yrs spent around the policing of London), is drugs mkts recreate the structural inequalities of the mainstream econ, w Black youths/young adults disprop occupying the most risky posns (esp retail crack/heroin dealing).
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On #stopsearch, the national disproportionality figures (eg 9x) are skewed by the fact that the Met uses S&S at a much higher rate than other forces, and 58% of Black and Black mixed heritage people in E&W live in London. https://twitter.com/gmhales/status/1281658254637125632?s=20
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Still on #stopsearch, this discussion of logical fallacies re police suspicion may be of interest https://twitter.com/gmhales/status/1331253381671886848?s=20
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My analysis of Met police #useofforce data suggests frequency of Taser use is disproportionate in line with other police contact (S&S, arrests), but the profile of use is virtually identical betn White & Black subjects https://twitter.com/gmhales/status/1164440556837191680?s=20 (caveats apply - see the thread)
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Incidentally, at the national level the gap betn Black & White respondents' confidence in local policing is betn Black Caribbean & White. Black African respondents express the same (actually v slightly higher) confidence in policing as White. https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/policing/confidence-in-the-local-police/latest#by-ethnicity-over-time
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Disproportionate/'over' policing is, I think, both a symptom & a cause of structural inequalities. The challenge that follows is how to respond to disproportionate vulnerability/harm without compounding it. If policing took a Hippocratic Oath, what wld change?
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