Good morning! Today we will be looking at #gangs from a #juveniledelinquency perspective.

We will get started in about 5 minutes! #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency

I want to hear about ...
Yesterday we tackled Chicago Street Gangs in #CRJ105 #Criminology, if you want to revisit, many of the polls are still open ... https://twitter.com/michelle_furlow/status/1328422953755811840
Today we approach from a juvenile delinquency perspective.

What is a gang?
Who is a gang member?
Why join a gang?

Let's discuss! #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
THINKING CHALLENGE:

How many known gangs exist in the United States?

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
THINKING CHALLENGE:

Gangs are uniquely an "American" problem

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Illegal drugs form the backbone of most gang moneymaking criminal operations.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
The #crack trade, more than anything else, transformed street gangs into criminal-based for-profit criminal organizations

https://ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/93920.pdf

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
According to the US Drug Enforcement Agency, by the late 1970s there was a huge surplus of cocaine powder being shipped into the United States.

This caused the price of the drug to drop by as much as 80%

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Faced with dropping prices for their illegal product, drug dealers converted the powder to “crack,” a solid form of cocaine that could be smoked

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Broken into small chunks, or “rocks,” this cocaine could be sold in smaller quantities ... at a bigger profit. It was cheap, simple to produce, easy to use, and highly profitable for dealers

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Broken into small chunks, or “rocks,” this cocaine could be sold in smaller quantities ... at a bigger profit. It was cheap, simple to produce, easy to use, and highly profitable for dealers #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Broken into small chunks, or “rocks,” this cocaine could be sold in smaller quantities ... at a bigger profit. It was cheap, simple to produce, easy to use, and highly profitable for dealers #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Watch and see how the crack epidemic changed the city of LA @UPROXXMovies
@UPROXX



#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
But let's start back at the beginning ...

Thrasher’s 1927 study, "The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago", viewed gangs as a NORMAL part of growing up in ethnic neighborhoods.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs evolved from neighborhood play groups; bonded without any particular purpose or goal.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs were generally organized in three concentric circles:
~a core composed of a leader and lieutenants,
~the rank-and-file membership,
~and a few occasional members.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs were generally organized in three concentric circles: ~a core composed of a leader and lieutenants, ~the rank-and-file membership, ~and a few occasional members. #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs were generally organized in three concentric circles: ~a core composed of a leader and lieutenants, ~the rank-and-file membership, ~and a few occasional members. #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs were generally organized in three concentric circles: ~a core composed of a leader and lieutenants, ~the rank-and-file membership, ~and a few occasional members. #CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs in the 1950s did not have the lethal weapons of today’s gangs, but very capable of violence.

However, millions of dollars were spent on projects and programs to prevent and control the behavior of these fighting gangs.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Name This Clip:

When the Greasers and Socs gather in a park, it turns ugly with an all-out fight breaking out



#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
The gangs of the 1960s are thought to be the birth of the modern gang, or #securitythreatgroup, as we know today

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Street gangs became responsible for an even bigger portion of muggings, robberies, extortion, and drug trafficking operations in the United States

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
The 1980s are characterized with a sudden and abrupt increase in youth gang activity in urban, suburban, and rural areas

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Street gangs traditionally have been a cultural by-product in the United States, but gang-like structures are now being reported in numerous cities worldwide

International gang activity is a topic @OkkiPepernoot
& I discuss regularly

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Thrasher’s 1927 study was one of first attempts to define a youth gang which focused on group interaction; but did not specify that a gang *must* include illegal activity.

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Gangs have long known that youngsters are invaluable because their age protects them against the harsher realities of the adult criminal justice system

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
William James "Willie" Bosket, Jr. is a convicted murderer, whose numerous crimes committed while he was still a minor led to a change in New York state law



#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Who is a DOCUMENTED gang member?

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs offer acceptance, a "family", power, security, means of earning money, an alternative to school, opportunities to build high self-esteem, a rite of passage to adulthood, activity, and a setting in which to act out aggression.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Conflict among rival gangs in different schools and different neighborhoods also perpetrate violence

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Adolescent males are most vulnerable in the junior high years, especially considering that it is very difficult to live in a neighborhood controlled by a street gang and not join.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Three basic recruitment strategies:
(1) fraternity type,
(2) obligation type, and
(3) coercive type.

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
A street gang’s clothing, colors, and hand signs have traditionally been held sacred by gang members.

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Chicago Street Gang Alliance Guide: https://chicagoganghistory.com/street-gang-alliance-guide/

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
There exists a fierce expectation that members will be loyal to their gang. Violence reinforces this expectation

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #GangsAndDelinquency
Warning: Graphic Content: Video shows gang punishing one of its own

via https://chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2011-03-10-ct-met-gang-trial-beating-20110310-story.html

@chicagotribune

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Video shows gang punishing one of its own

The beating officially started with a quick crack to the back of the gang member's head. And then about 15 others descended, punching and kicking him for two minutes.

https://youtu.be/2YbcPOUPIBE
Many theories exist in regards to the formation of gang activity

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Many theories exist in regards to the formation of gang activity #MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Many theories exist in regards to the formation of gang activity #MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Gang membership often revolves around exclusive ethnic or racial membership, however this is not always the rule

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Beth Bjerregaard and Carolyn Smith determined that involvement in gangs for both females and males was associated with increased levels of delinquency and substance abuse.

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Professor studies Twitter threats of girl gang killer in Chicago via
@Suntimes
@FrankMainNews



https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/6/5/18365838/professor-studies-twitter-threats-of-girl-gang-killer-in-chicago

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Professor studies Twitter threats of girl gang killer in Chicago

Gakirah Barnes, a reputed gang assassin gunned down at age 17, was an internet celebrity of sorts in her South Side neighborhood.

https://youtu.be/gZUM4YbCS88
Most studies found that female gangs still serve as adjuncts to male gangs.

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Female Gang Members: https://history.com/topics/crime/female-gang-members-video

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Research indicates that boys and girls join gangs for very similar reasons, most often a 'place' to belong and for protection

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
There are multiple layers of risk factors associated with gang membership

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Gangs provide an identity

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
The #LifeCoursePerspective offers a holistic look at how the appeal of gang membership can outweigh the inherent risks

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Various social programs and policies attempt to reduce gang activity

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
The public has long regarded gangs as a #police problem to solve

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
Other policy initiatives take a community approach

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
This is a brief, barely scratching the surface of gang activity.

What aspects did I neglect?

What would you like to know MORE about?

Let me know in the comments, I'll be adding ON to this discussion this week!

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #STG #GangsAndDelinquency
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