While we are here, let me tell you another story; it's a story of a super amazing planet and it's discovery!

In the late 1600s when our young Isaac Newton laid down the groundwork of celestial mechanics by discovering his laws of motion & Universal Gravitation etc etc.

People like Joseph Louis Lagrange and Pierre Simon Laplace further worked out Newton's work and his work reached a Perfection never achieved before in science! This was an era way before the industrial revolution, the early part of the 18th century.

It's so cool like, how we started out with the simplicity of Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

But when you are dealing with the astronomical observations you need accuracy! And for that very accurate measurements to pin point the locations of planets in the sky you need to *take into account all the mutual interactions of all the planets* this is something hard.

The theory of gravity progressed to a high degree of complexity by taking into account all these interactions that the calculations become very hard work out, these days we do that with our electronic computers, they take a TREMENDOUS AMOUNT of time to work out!

So now watch what happens!

A young french astronomer J.J Leverrier, he was tracking the motion of planet Uranus with his telescope, night after night he was making and recording the observations of this planet!

BUT, something was WERID!

When he saw his own observations and compared it to the calculations by working out Newton's laws, he saw that there was a discrepancy between the calculations and the observations!!!

What's going on here? Have we found the limits of Newton's laws? What's happening?!

The planet uranus was NOT following Newton's laws of Gravitation?! There must be something else here, cause you know Newton was a badass, his work literally sparked the world of physics and astronomy!

J.J Leverrier thought of another idea, he said "hmmm maybe there's another planet beyond Uranus that is tugging on it and I haven't included that in my calculations" So he sat down to calculate 'how massive this hypothetical planet must be and where it should be?'

That's a hard problem to work out as I have mentioned before (we call it 'perturbations', that's just the fancy way of saying that)

He worked Everything out! And in the fall of 1846 Leverrier wrote his friend at the Berlin observatory "Direct your telescope to the point on the Ecliptic in the constillation of Aquarius in longitude 326° & within a degree you'll find SOMETHING HIDDEN THERE looking like a star"

His friend followed the instructions and did just what Leverrier told him to do,

you know What happened?

BOOOOM!

NEPTUNE WAS WAITING TO BE DISCOVERED!

What a triumph of Newton's laws of motion and Universal Gravitation, we literally discovered this planet mathematically and this is why I always say to you guys

'keep looking up'