Since 20 models are hard to keep track of, I’ve taken a stab at characterizing the models by the key insight that drives them. Intention here being that one can keep an eye out for the insights and then reference the models after
The models are a compilation of the work of countless entrepreneurs, investors, reporters and academics who have described and written about these in the past:
1 – Solving Problems & Unmet Needs

@dougclinton's post is a helpful resource for breaking out the types of problems that venture scale startups can be built around.
2 – Juxtaposition

@ericstromberg & @tcitrin have both leveraged this model to publicly identify promising market opportunities.

@mjmauboussin & @bgurley have great frameworks for evaluating the dynamics of digital & analog markets when leveraging this approach.
3 – Disrupting Institutions & {Share Donator} 2.0

@sarahtavel & @msuster's posts highlight what it takes to go up against firms ripe for giving up market share.

Torkell T. Eide, Patrick Hargreaves, & @CunninghamProf’s book lays out some of the characteristics of Share Donators
4 – Fast Followers & Clones

The suggested reads here from @theSamParr and Christoph Gerber give an incredible peek behind the curtains of how Rocket Internet systematized the development of clones.
5 – Unbundling

Leveraged by many VCs & Operators to develop theses or highlight observations across markets. Suggested posts from @andrewparker, @dhaber, @jbreinlinger, @zanderpease, @tomloverro, @ttunguz, @mhdempsey, @jeff_jordan, @dcoolican, @thatguyBG, and @OslundJJ
6 – Bundling

Some great reads on both product / service bundling as well as bundling financial services along with tech platforms from @cdixon, @abarrettmtl, @foxjust, @shishirmehrotra, @peteflint, @mattcharris and @aehartz123
7 – Disintermediation / Cutting out the Middleman

Featuring reads from @loosethreadscom and @barclays highlighting the rise of this model in the retail brand landscape
8 – Forecasting

Ideating through forecasting featuring analyses of superforecasters from @mjmauboussin, Dan Callahan, @PTetlock, & @dgardner. Also great reads on leveraging inflections ( @mhdempsey) and the second-order effects of the DNVB economy ( @QasimAMohammad)
9 – Backcasting

On building breakthroughs and developing new opportunities through backcasting with reads from @m2jr and @AnnieDuke
10 – Concepts from Fiction

Turning fiction into fact. Insights and suggested additional reads from @BNarasin, @jowrotethis, @kharijohnson, and @mariodgabriele
11 – Digitizing Behaviors and Activities

Featuring example case studies & highlights from @zensoo and @web
12 – Tech-Enabled Legacy Businesses

There’s an increasingly large number of companies building tech-enabled versions of legacy businesses. Mike DelPrete and @alex both have great posts evaluating some of these and some traps to be wary of around valuations for such businesses.
13 – Enabling Legacy Players

@Deloitte’s Enterprise Value Map and @MichaelEPorter's Value Chain are both helpful frameworks for thinking through where a legacy organization can be enabled.
14 – Tech Commercialization

Several resources here to help monitor and identify new IP & Patents. Shout out to @ChaseBonhag of FirstIgnite for initially highlighting these!
15 – Spin-Outs & Spin-Offs

Featuring stories & insights from @AustinCarr & @_gw on the use of this model.
16 – Expand a Market

On expanding markets with the use of new technology with reads from @pymnts, @JeffKauflin, @susanadamsnyc, Gabriel Araujo and @robgo
17 – Shrink a Market

Concisely and comprehensively described by @joshk
18 – Outsourcing and Picks & Shovels Businesses

Featuring posts from @_RobToews and @daniel_levine highlight some opportunities to build picks & shovels businesses for technology companies.
19 – Enabling Insourcing

Featuring posts from @issielapowsky, Adam Schaefer, and @JeffKauflin highlighting some of the startups enabling corporations to reduce cost-centers by bringing outsourced services in-house.
20 – Channel-First

Suggested additional reads from @reidhoffman, @ericstromberg, @Penenberg around the importance, lifecycles, and best ways to leverage emerging distribution channels.
A huge thank you to @kerby, @Rick_Zullo, @simrangsuri, @ZchelseaZ, @ahmedtherawi, @josephmilla, @amritxyz, and @ChaseBonhag for contributing insights & providing feedback on earlier drafts of this post.
You can follow @AliKAfridi.
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