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A Mysterious force which surprised China by capturing strategic height at Pangong Tso known as Vikas Battalion.
The Sino-Indian Border Conflict was a war between China & India that occurred in 1962 concerning a disputed Himalayan border which was the main pretext for war.
The Sino-Indian Border Conflict was a war between China & India that occurred in 1962 concerning a disputed Himalayan border which was the main pretext for war.
There’d been a series of violent border incidents after the 1959 Tibetan uprising when India granted asylum to Dalai Lama. India initiated a Forward Policy in which it placed outposts along the border, several north of the McMohan Line, the eastern portion of a LAC proclaimed...
..by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.
The Indo-China War is notable for the harsh mountain conditions under which much of the fighting took place, entailing large-scale combat at altitudes of over 4,000 metres (14,000 feet). The Indo-China War was also noted for the non-deployment...
The Indo-China War is notable for the harsh mountain conditions under which much of the fighting took place, entailing large-scale combat at altitudes of over 4,000 metres (14,000 feet). The Indo-China War was also noted for the non-deployment...
...of the Navy and Air Force of either side. Consequently, the Special Frontier Force (SFF) was formally established on 14 Nov 1962, just seven days before the ceasefire.
After India suffered a humiliating defeat in the 1962 war with China, then PM Nehru was advised to raise an..
After India suffered a humiliating defeat in the 1962 war with China, then PM Nehru was advised to raise an..
All Tibetan armed unit to stop the Chinese PLA’s regular intrusion into the Indian territory by Intelligence Bureau founder-director Bhola Nath Mullick & World War II veteran Biju Patnaik.
In 1962, the Kennedy administration worked with India for the creation of a Special....
In 1962, the Kennedy administration worked with India for the creation of a Special....
...Frontier Forces unit in the Indian military. Following the 1962 Sino-Indian border-war, India also set up a 10,000-strong unit call the Special Frontier Force (SFF), or Establishment 22. Composed of ethnic Tibetans & modeled on the U.S. Army’s Green Berets, they were trained..
..to operate deep behind Chinese linesin the Tibetan autonomous region. This unit still exists, although it remains unclear whether it has preserved its elite status. Its main goal was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in the event of another Indo-China War.
The first Inspector General of the SFF was a retired Indian Army Major General (OF-7), Sujan Singh
Uban, who was known for his unconventional thinking. In 1964, the SFF began its airborne training at Agra, and subsequently developed its own airborne training programme at...
Uban, who was known for his unconventional thinking. In 1964, the SFF began its airborne training at Agra, and subsequently developed its own airborne training programme at...
..Sarasawan airbase near Saharanpur.
By the late 1960s the SFF was organised into 6 battalions for administrative purposes. Each battalion consisting of 6 companies, was commanded by a Tibetan who held rank equivalent to a Lieutenant. Since the SFF consisted largely of Tibetans..
By the late 1960s the SFF was organised into 6 battalions for administrative purposes. Each battalion consisting of 6 companies, was commanded by a Tibetan who held rank equivalent to a Lieutenant. Since the SFF consisted largely of Tibetans..
...they were viewed as an ideal CT force because they were not directly related to India’s communal politics.
Among the Tibetan members of the SFF, 3 commando battalions were raised for deployment around India; one of these battalions is normally stationed on the Siachen...
Among the Tibetan members of the SFF, 3 commando battalions were raised for deployment around India; one of these battalions is normally stationed on the Siachen...
..Glacier with other Indian troops. The remaining SFF personnel were still trained for guerrilla operations along the Indo-China border. By early 1984, the SFF’s elite Special Group became the primary CT force in India. They participated in the assault on Golden Temple, but the..
..mission was proved to be faulty due to lack of intelligence on the militants’ whereabouts in the temple locality. The SFF was also used for VIP security in late 1984. In 1985, the SFF played a pivotal role in Operation Meghdoot (the Siachen battle of 1985/86) and since then...
..one of its units has been constantly guarding the Siachen Glacier, a place considered one of the world’s most inhospitable battle zones. The core mission of the SFF is to conduct covert & guerrilla operations on the Chinese side of the Indo Chinese border during conflict.
However, the SFF has developed & expanded into other mission profiles, including Counter-terrorism operations; the SFF is also trained for anti-hijack operations.
The Army Special Forces & the SG of the SFF would both be employed trans-border in a conventional conflict,
The Army Special Forces & the SG of the SFF would both be employed trans-border in a conventional conflict,
..especially with both having airborne capability. India did create a true Special Forces set up which was intelligence led in the Special Frontier Force, which was originally created for operations in Tibet. General Duties of the Forces is Parachuting on ground or water.
