TIME MEASUREMENTS (Cosmic Metrics) in SANATAN DHARMA

Time is a physical entity which can b measurd but nt defind accurately. It is considered as the 4th dimension in this physical world along wth the 3 spatial dimensions of width, height n breadth. Human life frm birth to (1/n)

death is bound by time. The length of our life is measured in terms of time, we wake up at a specific time, go to work between specific hours of day, eat n sleep at specific time. While western cultures define time as linear process which flows straight like river, (2/n)

in Sanatan Dharm, it has been viewed as a cyclic process (Atharva Veda Ch-19 Shuktas: 53 shloka 2). Hence, it is called as Kaal-Chakra. The time that we measure is relative to the rotation of earth along its axis (nano secs, mili secs,seconds, minutes, day n night) and its (3/n)

revolution around the sun (months n years). However, this isn't absolute because other planets have longer or shorter durations of rotation n revolution. Thus they have a different day-night cycle n also one year in these planets are longer or shorter compared to earth (4/n)

It is mentioned in our scriptures that Devatas, Rishis, Gandharvas, Tridevas etc reside in higher dimensions (Urdhva lokas). In these higher dimensions, time flows slower compared to Prithvi loka (Earth). For example, one year in earth is equal to one day in Swargalok. (5/n)

Similarly, the Chaturmaas (From Aashadh Shukla Paksh Ekadashi to Kartik Shukla Paksh Ekadashi) when it is believed that Lord Vishnu goes to sleep for four months is actually the time when Lord blinks his eyes. So you can imagine how slow the time flows in Vaikuntha loka (6/n)

that four earth months pass between one blink of Lord's eyes. Since Brahma is the creator of entire physical universe, the vedic rishis have defined time in accordance to the day-night cycle n age of Brahma. In Srimad Bhagwatam Purana (3:11) calculation of time has been (7/n)

Extensively discussed. The units of time higher than a year (Samvatsara) described are:
Yuga
Mahayuga
Manavantara
Ardha Kalpa
Kalpa
Parardha and
Para.

As I have said before, 1 yr on earth (EY) is 1 day in Swargaloka (Divine day). So one Divine year (DY) is equal to 360 (8/n)

Earth years. According to Surya Siddhanta, the four yugas last for the duration of following DYs
1. Satya: 4800 DY or 17,28,000 EY
2. Treta: 3600 DY or 12,96,000 EY
3. Dwapara: 2400 DY or 8,64,000 EY
4. Kali: 1200 DY or 4,32,000 EY
These four Yugas together constitute (9/n)

One Mahayuga= Sum total of four Yugas i.e., 43,20,000 EY.

A Manavantara (Age of each Manu) comprises of 71 such Mahayugas ( 71 cycles of 4 yugas) i.e., 30,67,20,000 EY.

Kalpa and Ardha Kalpa needs to be discussed together. A Kalpa is 1 day+ 1 night of Brahma. (10/n)

Therefore, day time of Brahma is one Ardha Kalpa n night time of Brahma is another Ardha Kalpa. Each morning Brahma wakes up n creates the universe and in each night as he goes to sleep Pralay occurs leading to destruction of the world. Each Ardha Kalpa lasts for (11/n)

duration which is equal to 1000 Mahayugas i.e., 432,00,00,000. The Day time Ardha Kalpa comprises of 14 Manavantaras of 71 Mahayuga each bringing the total number to 994 Mahayugas. The remaining time duration which is equal to 6 Mahayugas is divided into junction points (12/n)

of each Manavantara (13 junctions between 14 manavantaras)as well as dawn(1 junction) and dusk(1 junction) of Day time Ardha kalpa. In total 15 junctions comprising of 0.4 mahayugas each i.e., 15*0.4= 6 Mahayugas. The night time Ardha Kalpa which lasts for another (13/n)

432 crore EY is filled with darkness, devoid of any life except the Tridevas. All lokas including Swarga and all life forms including Devatas, Saptarishis, 7 immortals (King Bali, Ashwatthama, Kripacharya, Ved Vyas, Parshuram, Vibhishana and Hanuman) cease to exist. (14/n)

Now let's see what are Para and Parardha. Para (also known as one Mahakalpa) is lifetime of Brahma. Each Brahma lives for 100 yrs of Brahmaloka (1yr of Brahma= 360 kalpas).Parardha is half of Para i.e., 50 yrs of Brahma. 1Para= 864,000,000,000 DY or 311,040,000,000,000 EY. (15/n)

Similarly, Parardha being half of Para is 432,000,000,000 DY or 155,520,000,000,000 EY. So each Brahma in his lifetime creates 36000.
The current Brahma is 7th Brahma and his age is 50yrs and 1 day. In other words we are living in the 1st day of the 51st yr of Brahma (16/n)

This thread primarily focuses on Cosmic Time Metrics as per Hindu scriptures. In this thread I hv just briefly mentioned about cyclic nature of time as mentioned in Puranas and Surya Sidhanta. However, a lot of things related to the cyclic nature of time needs to be (17/n)

discussed. Hw it cyclic nature of time is related to human intellect, spiritualism n Dharma? How cyclic nature of time resulted in Ramayan happening atleast 11 times and Mahabharat atleast 16 times with minor/major variations throughout various Kalpas? How this hs resulted (18/n)

in several versions of Ramayana that are in existence today? How none of them are wrong but variations of same incident? All these n many more things I will try to discuss in future threads.

Jai Shri Ram

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