The Château de Taillebourg is a ruined castle from the medieval era. It is built on a rocky outcrop, overlooking the village of Taillebourg and the valley of the Charente River, in the Charente-Maritime department of France.

It commanded a very strategic position and was therefore the focus of much conflict throughout the medieval era.
It featured in several episodes of the Hundred Years' War and the Saintonge War before that.

The previous castle on the site was shelter for Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine on the day after their wedding, in July 1137.
Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house,

may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190

In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and as punishment, Richard was sent to bring the rebellious lords to heel. This conflict lasted five years,

ending in the victory of Richard and his destruction of the supposedly impregnable fortress of Taillebourg. This castle was inaccessible on three sides, protected by mountains, and the fourth side was heavily fortified.

Richard knew that the overthrow of Taillebourg would lead to the immediate surrender of the barons, and captured the stronghold in his first great military victory.

The Château de Taillebourg has today been converted to a public garden.