Here's a simple list of doggo stuff that every owner (and non owner) should know, because I'm sick of people not knowing, or being miseducated. RT if you want but I don't expect much from my very non-interactive followers lol.
- Puppies bite. They explore with their mouths, & they're teething. No I'm not joking when I say some people don't know that.

- Puppies go through a teenage stage between 6-18 months, where their behaviour and training will regress. Manage it, & breathe.
You'll get through it.
- If you see your dog doing any of these, they may be uncomfortable in whatever situation you're in. They are precursors for more extreme behaviour. Eg yawning out of context, shaking off when they're not wet, showing the whites of their eye (whale eye), licking their lips.
- Shaking off is normal and will happen when the dog has excess adrenaline. Met a new dog on the walk? How exciting! Too exciting! Shake off! It happens after negative experiences too. It's good to be aware of so you know how they're doing.
- The above are known as stress signals or appeasement behaviours. They are part of the subtle language dogs use to communicate with each other. They want you to learn to read it.

- Your dog is not a wolf, and you're not a dog. Trying to 'be dominant' or 'show them who's boss'
makes no sense. Dominance theory is repeatedly disproven, including by the person who initially coined it. You already control when they eat, sleep, learn, exercise and more, why would you need to bully them into submission? (ego, lack of skill, or miseducation is the answer)
- Dogs don't know right & wrong (but they may learn what their owner does & doesn't like), & they don't feel guilt. Those puppy eyes, small posture & hiding is your dog being scared (appeasement). You don't even have to shout, they are excellent at reading our body language.
- It's been found that they have similar intelligence to a 2-3 year old child, though it's worth remembering we can't communicate with our dogs as well as with a child.
- If you punish them for something they did while you weren't there, you're just teaching them not to pee in the house/be destructive/etc IN YOUR PRESENCE rather than not pee in the house/be destructive/etc at all. All you'll achieve is scaring them.
- In fact, multiple multiple multiple studies prove that positive punishment is less effective than positive reinforcement (which means adding (positive +) something to increase a behaviour (reinforcement)), plus punishment adversely affects your bond with your dog.
- Management and prevention are your friends while you're training. Use them. Dogs recall has gone downhill? Prevent them running off and manage it by keeping them on a long line while you work on training. Set them up for success, not failure.
- Every time your dog does something wrong, find a way to blame yourself. You didn't train them enough, you put them in a situation they weren't ready for, you knew they were too scared, you left them alone for too long... And so on. It will help your training.
- If your dog does something wrong, punishment won't teach them what is right. Teach your dog the appropriate alternative behaviour and reward them for doing it.
- If a dog experiences a stressful event, their cortisol levels take 48-72 hours to come back to normal. During that time, they are vulnerable to reacting negatively to events out of the norm (just think of when you have a bad day, one thing after another). Have a quiet few days.
- Comforting your dog WILL NOT reinforce their fear. You cannot reinforce emotion, only behaviour.
I could go on, but I won't! If you're interested in learning more, I highly recommend the following groups on Facebook:

-Do No Harm Dog Training
-Dog Training Advice and Support
-Positive Force Free R+ Dog Training Library
-Canine Enrichment
If you want links to research, there are plenty here:

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1248300648848158&id=723694491308779
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