Read on Twitter
A paper I routinely devour again & again is "Intersectionality: Connecting experiences of gender with race at work" led by @DukeFuqua's Ashleigh Shelby Rosette. Dr. Rosette is not on Twitter and I hate how academic papers are gated. Will tweet some gems: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191308518300121
"Women seeking advancement in organizations must disconfirm their gender stereotypes in order to be viewed as sufficiently dominant and competent, while facing reprisals for behavior deemed too counter-stereotypical based on communal prescriptions." (Double Bind)
"In contrast to white women, research shows that Black women are additionally expected to be dominant and strong, and Asian women are expected to be competent and submissive. If stereotypes are different, backlash is likely to be different as well."
"By far, the most prevalent stereotype attributed to Black women is dominance, which is distinct from the typical communal qualities ascribed to the superordinate category of women...stereotypes of Black women as overbearing and domineering have persisted for decades in the US"
"Model Minority stereotype was introduced in the media largely as a means of discrediting Black people’s concerns over economic inequality...[stereotype] suggests that all other minorities should work to emulate the career and academic commitment exemplified in Asian Americans"
"while Black women may evade a backlash for dominant behavior as a result of their distinct stereotypes, Asian women may be especially susceptible to backlash when they enact dominance due to the incongruity between such behavior and their presumed meekness."
"study of US military personnel found that relative to women whose pay grades were lower than those of their commanding officer, women subordinates whose pay grades were closer to those of their commanding officers (signaling high status) received more negative performance evals"
"Black women with natural Afrocentric hairstyles, a hair choice that has been associated with dominance and militancy, are evaluated as less professional than Black women with Eurocentric hairstyles" ( @DrTinaOpie cited)
"Asian women are perceived quite differently from Black women during the hiring process as a result of both their presumed competence and perceived passivity...likely perceived as most suitable for roles that necessitate a high level of skill but not assertiveness or dominance."
"Even holding all other variables constant, women are evaluated less positively than men in leadership positions, and the bias against them increases when the leader’s task is perceived to require dominance or assertiveness."
"Overall, gender and leadership research tends to suggest that dominant women leaders face hostile responses, which limit their access to high- powered roles and diminish perceptions of their effectiveness in such roles."
"Black women more likely than [other] women..to be selected for leadership roles necessitating fierceness and competitiveness..perceptions of agentic deficiency that typically preclude women from attaining leadership roles may not serve as a barrier in same way for Black women"
"..although Black women may experience benefits once they access leadership roles because of dominance stereotypes, their presumed incompetence likely impedes their attainment of top roles and at least partially explains their immense underrepresentation in leadership roles."
"The repercussions of gender backlash are distinct for Black and Asian women because perceptions of counterstereotypical behavior–the basis of gender backlash – are distinct from those ascribed to the superordinate category of women, in general, and to white women, specifically"
"Although women..tend to be relatively disadvantaged in the labor market, occupying lower-paying jobs and positions with less advancement potential than men, the interplay of gender and race create particular constraints and opportunities for women from different racial groups"
"Women make up more than half of U.S. labor force, but they continue to be overrepresented in clerical, HR and administrative service occupations and underrepresented in high-paying fields ranging from manual work such as mining and construction to the prestigious...STEM fields"
"People thought most common occupations held by white men were high-status jobs such as business professional, corporative executive, lawyer, & doctor; conversely...most common occupations held by white women were relatively lower-status jobs, such as teacher, nurse, secretary.."
"As more women enter a profession, monetary rewards for workers in that field diminish, likely due to an institutionalization effect. When an occupation is seen as “women’s work,” it is viewed as less valuable or important, which in turn negatively affects the monetary rewards"
"As compared to white women, Black women are more likely to be segregated into less desirable, lower-paying jobs, such as domestic helpers, agricultural employees, and factory workers.."
"after WW II, Black women took on some of the worst-paid industrial jobs, some of them so dangerous and monotonous that White women refused to take them."
"Asian women are more likely than White and Black women in the United States to occupy high-prestige occupations. In fact, 50% of employed Asian women occupy professional and managerial roles, compared to 45% of White women, 36% of Black women, and 28% of Hispanic women."
"After controlling for human capital characteristics, Asian
women held significantly less prestigious job positions & only earned a portion of what their comparable Asian male counterparts did. This within-race gender gap was largest, relative to other within-race comparisons"
women held significantly less prestigious job positions & only earned a portion of what their comparable Asian male counterparts did. This within-race gender gap was largest, relative to other within-race comparisons"
"In academia, Asian female faculty members generally occupy the most junior ranks and have one of the lowest tenure rates as compared to all other racial and gender groups; they are also the least likely among all race groups to hold full professor positions"
"not only are Asian women often perceived as unsuitable for leadership positions, but they are also expected to perform routine, menial tasks with quiet accommodation."
"[when] lack of org. support reduces women’s sense of belonging, they are less likely to stay in, apply for..male-dominated jobs [like] senior exec. roles which further contributes to perpetuation of women’s lower status & occupation of lower-paying job roles"(cite @RainaBrands)
Ending this thread now. Tomorrow I'll tweet from this paper on:
1 The motherhood penalty on women of color
2 Disproportionate impact of workplace sexual harassment on women of color
Paper by Rosette et al is here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191308518300121. It's truly worth a read (and re-read).
1 The motherhood penalty on women of color
2 Disproportionate impact of workplace sexual harassment on women of color
Paper by Rosette et al is here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191308518300121. It's truly worth a read (and re-read).
