Thread by @BillyBostickson, Ice, Ice, Baby!Academician Li Lanjuan stated: "The New Coronavirus is particularly cold-tolerant. [...]

Ice, Ice, Baby!
Academician Li Lanjuan stated:
"The New Coronavirus is particularly cold-tolerant.
he virus can survive for several months at -4C and 20 years at -20C. This explains why several viruses have been found in the seafood market with more refrigerated foods"

China is Flooding
Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?
https://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0462

First environmental surveillance for presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater & river water in Japan
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122747v2
"SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in secondary-treated wastewater sample when cases peaked in community"

First environmental surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and river water...

Wastewater-based epidemiology is a powerful tool to understand the actual incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a community because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122747v2

SARS-CoV-2 spillover!
SARS-CoV-2 detected in soil & wastewater near hospitals
(255 to 18,744 copies/L)
Soil is thus a viral warehouse serving as a secondary source, spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time
Wastewater treatment units must be sealed now! https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20097105v2

SARS-CoV-2 spillover into hospital outdoor environments

The outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread throughout over 200 countries, posing a global threat to human health. Till 15th May 2020, there are over...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20097105v2

"these viruses remained infectious in water & sewage for days to weeks. At 25 _C, time required for 99 % reduction in reagent-grade water was 22 days for TGEV.
We do not know if the same is applicable to SARS-COV-2 & for how long it can remain in water" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720303547

An environmental and health perspective for COVID-19 outbreak: Meteorology and air quality influe...

This Opinion Paper wishes to provide a summary of recent findings and solutions for a better understanding of the environmental and health problems as…

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720303547

In untreated wastewater we know that SARS-CoV-2 is present for several weeks
"Papers on other types of viruses show different viruses remained infectious in water & sewage for 3 days to 3 weeks
Special attention needs to be paid to aerosol formation during wastewater treatment"

Wuhan's Huanan seafood market & hospital's wastewater, sewage and pipelines analysed for SARS-COV-2
Ultra-fast onsite interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental specimens via surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.20086876v1

High levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in septic tanks of Wuchang Fangcang Hospital found after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite
Virus in stool particles released in septic tanks are source of SARS-CoV-2 contributing to spread through drainage pipelines. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.20083832v2

Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of...

The outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia raises the concerns of effective deactivation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in medical...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.20083832v2

Wuhan shrimp seller and Peking Salmon Mouth?
Sewage, Wastewater and Seafood!
Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135420304632#bib17

1st detection of SARSCoV-2 RNA in untreated wastewater in Spain.
11% secondary treated water samples tested positive for at least one SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR target.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in wastewater before 1st COVID-19 cases were declared
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135420304796

Temperature is key factor (ICE)
Survival of Covs in Water & Wastewater
Covs more sensitive to temperature
99% reduction in 2–3 days
Higher level of suspended solids offer protection from inactivation
Covs more rapidly inactivated at ambient temperatures
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12560-008-9001-6

COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission:
Water, surfaces & places with vectors can be transmission routes
Disease transmission through:
Water
Respiratory droplets
Excreta .
Transmission by excreta-related insect vectors:
Flies
Rats
Cockroaches
Lice?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720324360#bb0060

Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces
https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(20)30046-3/fulltext
Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659470/
COVID-19: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission
https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/2/e00245-20

Can flu viruses survive winter in frozen lakes?
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10676-can-flu-viruses-survive-winter-in-frozen-lakes/
Tianjin coronavirus case may arise from frozen food: expert http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1192088.shtml

Tianjin coronavirus case may arise from frozen food: expert

Virologists said Thursday that the COVID-19 case reported on Wednesday in North China's Tianjin Municipality may have come from frozen food contaminated by the coronavirus, as the patient had cleaned...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10676-can-flu-viruses-survive-winter-in-frozen-lakes/

Sewage and more Sewage!
First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720322816?via%3Dihub
Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in sewage
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.29.20045880v1
Wastewater surveillance for Covid-19: The present and future
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972033151X

Shellfish & Sediments
Accumulation of sediment-associated viruses in shellfish
https://aem.asm.org/content/45/1/238.short
Abundance of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses in Coastal & Estuarine Sediments
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01692/full
Viruses in recreational water‐borne disease outbreaks
https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04367.x

Two-Year Systematic Study To Assess Norovirus Contamination in Oysters from Commercial Harvesting Areas in the United Kingdom
https://aem.asm.org/content/78/16/5812

Thermal and pH sensitivity of avian corona and influenza viruses: A model study for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other flu viruses
http://www.netjournals.org/pdf/IRJMMS/2020/2/20-028.pdf

FOODBORNE TRANSMISSION
https://www.unitedfresh.co.nz/assets/COVID-19/United-Fresh---Potential-for-Foodborne-Transmission-of-Covid-19---Literature-Review-Update-19-May-20.pdf
Transfer of microorganisms & respiratory viruses through food.
https://journals.ke-i.org/mra/article/view/2105
Viral outbreaks & fresh food
https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jam.13747
Foodborne viruses
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214799316300546?via%3Dihub
COVID-19 & Food Safety
https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=5568633

Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for prevention & control of COVID-19
https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41182-020-00236-5
Perceived Challenges of COVID-19 Infection Prevention & Control
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133348v1.full.pdf
Water & Pathogenic Viruses Inactivation https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12393-020-09234-z

Water and Pathogenic Viruses Inactivation—Food Engineering Persp

Water is an essential component of food structures and biological materials. The importance of water as a parameter affecting virion stability and inactivation has been recognized across disciplinary...

https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41182-020-00236-5

Carping on about Coronavirus!
@MjMicrobio has in vitro data showing 229E & OC43 infect carp cell lines & found Bat Covs & SARS-COV-2 in Carp sequences from 2 labs from Institute of Hydrobiology in Wuhan dating back to 2011-2014
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25751

Carp, Turbot and Nile Tilapia

"out of 72 fish in this study..... Those which have a binding energy favourable to infection by SARS-COV-2 include the common carp, turbot and Nile tilapia" https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v5

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a...

SARS-CoV-2 has a zoonotic origin and was transmitted to humans via an undetermined intermediate host, leading to infections in humans and other mammals. To enter host cells, the viral spike protein...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v5

Wuhan Coronavirus Activated By "Swine flu In Filth"
Some interesting insights into Aquaculture, Tilapia, Pigs and Chinese Fisheries from Yoichi Shimatsu, a renegade Japanese journalist, who is also quite an expert on SARS & Viruses
https://rense.com//general96/china-outbreak-part-2.php

Which Laboratory is on the edge of Wuhan's East Lake?
Can you locate it on this map?
Yes, Wuhan University's "Institute of Model Animals" ABSL3 Lab at 115 Donghu Road, famous for supplying and experimenting on monkeys, rabbits & many other lab animals
How do they deal with waste?

Wuhan University IMA ABSL3 Lab
Lab details can be seen here:
Animals used and other details
https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1273617302039040000

https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1273617302039040000

More background on Wuhan University's IMA ABSL3 Lab:
Tweet 5 onward (as far as you are willing to go) https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1267797253260861441

https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson/status/1267797253260861441

Explore the Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, which used to be one of the battlefields against SARS
https://new.qq.com/omn/20191115/20191115A0OP1200.html

Wuhan University 2005 Patent (Carp Infection Time)
Coronavirus genetic engineering protein & use thereof"
XU JINPING MENG - UNIV WUHAN
The invention discloses a genetic engineering protein of coronavirus and its application
http://europepmc.org/article/pat/CN1990502
https://surechembl.org/document/CN-1990502-A

What's the Connection between Wuhan University IMA ABSL3 Lab, East Lake, Carp, Coronavirus, Sediments, Sewage, Seafood Market Shrimp Seller, & guess who?
Yes, George Gao!

He clearly realised after analysis of the positive environmental samples where SARS-COV-2 had come from. It would have been clear from the products sold on the stalls in the western section of the market.
That information was never made public.
Since then silence and cover up.

Let's go back to the patent from 2005:
"a recombinant insect virus strain with Spike gene of SARS-CoV inserted into it"
Claims (Chrome right click translate)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=CN&NR=1990502A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=&date=20070704&DB=&locale=en_EP
Drawings:
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=CN&NR=1990502A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=&date=20070704&DB=&locale=en_EP

Who were the Patent Inventors:?
JINPING XU
Department of Virology, Wuhan University , Lecturer; August 1998-present, Associate Professor, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University.
https://www.x-mol.com/university/faculty/67311
XIAOLIN MENG
JIAN WANG
WEI LU
https://europepmc.org/article/CBA/354766

Now let's take a closer look at East Lake
(a short walk from the IMA ABSL3 lab)
Full of years of domestic sewage and industrial waste
Water ecological carrying capacity of urban lakes in the context of rapid urbanization:
A case study of East Lake in Wuhan
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147470651500090X

East Lake is 2nd largest urban lake in China
Total water area of 33 km2
Average depth of 2.5 m
Since 2000, with rapid industrialization & urbanization, chemical pollutants continuously discharged
No dilution ability due closed shape
Many PFCs, PFOS, PFOA:
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep38633

Wuhan Flooding, Drainage System and Sewer Outflow
Variation of hydro-environment during past four decades with underground sponge city planning to control flash floods in Wuhan, China
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967418301545

"East Lake is now ready for the sailing competition of 7th Military World Games this October"
"On June 2, the annual Wuhan Swimming Marathon East Lake attracted 1,800 participants, many recount seeing big fish swimming alongside them" https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674e794d544d35457a6333566d54/index.html

Wuhan's efforts to protect its lakes

It's June, more and more people are heading for the water. But a few years ago, no one was able to swim in China's largest downtown lake – the East Lake in Wuhan, Hubei Province. For decades, it had...

https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674e794d544d35457a6333566d54/index.html

SEWAGE OR SWIMMING?
THE RECREATIONAL VALUE OF EAST LAKE, WUHAN, CHINA
https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/31483/117857.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
Large amount of dead fish float at south lake in Wuhan (2012)
http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/721261.shtml
35 tons of dead fish appear in lake in China (2013)
https://whnt.com/news/35-tons-of-dead-fish-appear-in-lake-in-china/

China banned all fishing throughout the Yangtze River
Guess when?
That's right, from January 1st, 2020
China Focus:
For fish sake, Chinese fishermen bid farewell to Yangtze River (and infected big head CARP)
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/31/c_138669217.htm

East lake Sediment Analysis (1)
Sediment Management in East Lake
http://www.pjoes.com/Sediment-Management-in-East-Lake-China-a-Combined-Bio-Physical-and-Socioeconomic,76911,0,2.html
Case Study of Lakes in Wuhan
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/457/htm
Environmental Geochemistry of East lake
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-KTAQ200303002.htm
Water Environment Pollution East Lake
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-JSGU200704006.htm

East Lake Sediment Analysis (2)
Characteristics of heavy elements in sediments of Lake Donghu (Wuhan)
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FLKX200601014.htm
NATURAL PURIFICATION RATE OF LAKE DONGHU
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJLY200105011.htm
The Battle for East Lake in Wuhan, China https://libcom.org/news/battle-east-lake-wuhan-13042010

The Battle for East Lake in Wuhan, China

Hundreds of Wuhan citizens are fighting to save the city’s East Lake Ecological Tourist Scenic Area (东湖生态旅游风景区) from plans to fill in part of the lake and develop the area commercially.

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FLKX200601014.htm

Enough 4 Ya?
Today's thread looked at SARS-COV-2, Carp DNA, Tilapia, Pigs, Viruses, Ice, Sediments, Sewage, Wastewater, Food, Shellfish, George Gao, Wuhan University IMA ABSL3 Lab, and a SARS Cov Spike Protein Insect Virus Patent, East Lake, Pollution, Military Games & Lab Leaks!

Time for Sleep! What do you make of this?
“Very tense meetings”
Yang Zhanqiu, deputy director of the Pathogen Biology Department at Wuhan University:
“some researchers pour laboratory material down the drain after experiments, without a specific biological elimination mechanism”

"The waste may contain viruses, bacteria or microbes of human origin that can have a life-threatening impact on humans, animals or plants.”
https://middleeasttransparent.com/en/in-the-jungle-of-wuhans-labs/
and
https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/04/25/coronavirus-les-laboratoires-de-wuhan-epicentres-de-la-rumeur_6037719_3210.html
source:
Biosafety guideline to fix chronic management loopholes https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1179747.shtml

Biosafety guideline issued to fix chronic management loopholes at virus labs

The Science and Technology Ministry issued new rules over the weekend, requiring laboratories nationwide to boost their biosafety in a move that experts said could fix chronic inadequate management...

https://middleeasttransparent.com/en/in-the-jungle-of-wuhans-labs/

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