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History of Tibet-Ladakh Border
In 1670s Tibetian Gov. Of the Dalai Lama had rivalry with the King of Bhutan and the King of Ladakh(Deldan Namgyal) sided with Bhutan in the dispute which angered the Dalai Lama who now wanted to punish the Namgyal.
In 1670s Tibetian Gov. Of the Dalai Lama had rivalry with the King of Bhutan and the King of Ladakh(Deldan Namgyal) sided with Bhutan in the dispute which angered the Dalai Lama who now wanted to punish the Namgyal.
Dalai Lama called his Mongol allies and appointed the lama of the Tashilhunpo Monastery, as the commander of the Tibeto-Mongol expedition to Ladakh. King of Bushahr (in present-day Himachal Pradesh) Raja Kehri Singh (who is an ancestor of former CM of H.P Virbhadra Singh)
also joined the alliance because of the dispute over Spiti region. And as a reward, were given the right to free trade with Tibet.
The Tibeto-Mongol army defeated the Ladakhi army near the Pangong Lake and took control over the region except the fortresses of Basgo&Tinggmosgang.
The Tibeto-Mongol army defeated the Ladakhi army near the Pangong Lake and took control over the region except the fortresses of Basgo&Tinggmosgang.
Namgyal asked help from the neighbouring Mughals in Kashmir. The Combined army of Mughals and Ladakhi defeated the Tibeto-Mongol army in the Battle of Basgo(1679) & in return Namgyal embraced Islam and all the Pashmina trade rights were given to the Mughals
Shahada was read in the name of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb from the Jama Masjid of Leh (constructed in 1666-67). But Namgyal never revealed about his conversion to anyone in his kingdom because he didn't wanted to upsed the Orthodox Lamas of the region.
Later with the help of reinforcements from Galdan Boshugtu Khan, Zungar Empire, the Tibetans attacked again in 1684. Ladakhi King didn't have the time or the inclination to call upon his Mughal allies; and neither were the Mughals prepared nor interested in intervening again.
Tibetans defeated Ladakhis and, Treaty of Tingmosgang was signed between them, which fixed the border between Ladakh and Tibet which is almost similar to the current Line Of Actual Control(LOAC). It also restricted Mughal Kashmir’s hold over the Pashmina trade till Spituk.
This border remained unchanged till the British drew a new one in 1865, called the ‘Johnson Line’(which also included Aksai Chin), then they retreated back to Lhasa on December 1684.
