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#COVID19 transmission risks and infection rates in public transport 
- what do we know? Collecting information, developments and appreciating (scientific) feedback. @c_drosten @mugecevik @rki_de @CDCgov @UITPnews @VDV_Verband @NACTO @APTA_Transit @agoraverkehr 
(thread)
cont'd: Question for @WHO @CPHO_Canada @CDCgov @NACTO by @Penalosa_G https://twitter.com/Penalosa_G/status/1266441105085739014
https://twitter.com/Penalosa_G/status/1266441105085739014
cont'd: 'Japan [...] found no infection events linked to commuter trains...' https://twitter.com/MedMezghani/status/1266479142729592839
https://twitter.com/MedMezghani/status/1266479142729592839
cont'd: "Lessons from virologists and public health experts at Tohoku University in Japan, where the state of emergency is being lifted: public transit, especially when everyone uses masks, is probably fine." by @miller_stephen https://twitter.com/miller_stephen/status/1266016328441384960
https://twitter.com/miller_stephen/status/1266016328441384960
cont'd: 'Public transport can be crowded. But not much talking, laughing or singing on most trains and buses.' by @PaulABarter https://twitter.com/PaulABarter/status/1260390556720492544
https://twitter.com/PaulABarter/status/1260390556720492544
Avoiding the crowd: How do passengers trade-off time and crowding in the age of COVID-19 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/avoiding-crowd-how-do-passengers-trade-off-time-crowding-shelat
cont'd: Guidelines for public and mass transport, and COVID control as developed by Collaborative Modeling Group Colombia COVID19–Transport (English version now available): https://www.transformative-mobility.org/news/guidelines-for-public-and-mass-transport-and-covid-control https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1277562841034358787
cont'd: Article by @AleTirachini and Oded Cats on "COVID-19 and Public Transportation: Current Assessment, Prospects, and Research Needs" now available on: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jpt/vol22/iss1/1/
cont'd: Additional information from China: "The risk of COVID-19 transmission in train passengers: an epidemiological and modelling study" https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1057/5877944
cont'd via @nytimes and @NACTO : "Most [subway] cars have two ventilation units at either end, which help fully replace air in the car with outside air about every three minutes and 20 seconds on average." https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/10/nyregion/nyc-subway-coronavirus.html
cont'd: Very useful thread by @SFBART about air flow, #Covid_19 and safety: https://twitter.com/SFBART/status/1294032912329760769?s=19
cont'd: Measure the risk of airborne COVID-19 in your office, classroom, or bus via @NatGeo @jljcolorado https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/how-to-measure-risk-airborne-coronavirus-your-office-classroom-bus-ride-cvd/
cont'd: Preliminary Implications of COVID-19 on Long- Distance Traffic of Deutsche Bahn (German railways) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342353367_Preliminary_Implications_of_COVID-19_on_Long-_Distance_Traffic_of_Deutsche_Bahn
cont'd: via @MedMezghani: "Only 1% of #COVID19 clusters are linked to transport. They come from work places (24%), health care venues (16%), family gatherings (14%), public events (9%), social accommodations (8%)."
Source @santeprevention https://twitter.com/MedMezghani/status/1295846786138025992
Source @santeprevention https://twitter.com/MedMezghani/status/1295846786138025992
cont'd: The science behind campus bus changes during COVID-19 via @pdakean @UMich https://twitter.com/pdakean/status/1296093035831361537
cont'd: Not about public transport but aviation: via @EricTopol @JAMANetworkOpen https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1295738330244501504
cont'd: Preliminary results from North Rhine-Westphalia show that COVID-19 transmissions risks in public transport are not higher than in other areas: https://www.fokus-bahn.nrw/aktuelles/detail/keine-anhaltspunkte-fuer-ein-erhoehtes-ansteckungsrisiko.html
cont'd via @carlosfpardo : "Distancing is not the sole factor in preventing spread of Covid-19. Hoping this info is useful @TUMInitiative @UITPnews @APTA_Transit @TransitCenter @jeffreytumlin
https://www.numo.global/news/release-passenger-distancing-not-sole-factor-preventing-spread-covid-19-public-transportation
https://www.numo.global/news/release-passenger-distancing-not-sole-factor-preventing-spread-covid-19-public-transportation
cont'd: Key factors for #COVID__19 safe public transport via @NUMOalliance https://twitter.com/NUMOalliance/status/1296555678451064833?s=19
cont'd via @MedMezghani: "Analysis by the UK rail safety body @RSSB_rail has shown the risk of contracting Covid-19 while travelling by train is 1 in 11,000 journeys. With a face covering, it's 1 in 20,000 journeys i.e 0.005% https://www.rssb.co.uk/Insights-and-News/News/Rail-still-safer-than-road-during-Covid-19
cont'd: New study by German @rki_de - transmissions risks in transport rather small: https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1297116729957658624
cont'd: Given small number of cases and thorough tracing in New Zealand, this could be a relevant case study. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12358729 @minhealthnz @motnz: Any findings about risks and transmissions are highly appreciated by the transport community. Stay healthy to all involved.
cont'd: Learn more about #COVID19 and transport regulations in New Zealand via @motnz: https://www.transport.govt.nz/about/covid-19/
cont'd: Important study from @bmj_latest:
Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19? https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3223
Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19? https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3223
cont'd: Watch: "How risky is it to use public transport?" by @NUMOalliance @EUROCLIMA_UE_AL @MobiliseCityLAT @WRIRossCities with @AleTirachini Andrea Varela, Jairo Espinosa Oviedo
cont'd: via @linseymarr: 6 feet may not always be enough distance to protect from COVID-19 : https://twitter.com/linseymarr/status/1298615954751000578
cont'd: "No COVID-19 outbreaks linked to Ottawa bars, restaurants, gyms, riding on OC Transpo: Dr. Etches" https://beta.ctvnews.ca/local/ottawa/2020/8/26/1_5080106.html
cont'd: Update from Sydney (it essentially shows, how good tracking works): https://twitter.com/7NewsSydney/status/1300344613631176705
cont'd: Mask it a habit...via @TheGautrain https://twitter.com/TheGautrain/status/1300385203794436097
cont'd: Not public transport, but.... https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/31/coronavirus-selfish-covidiots-on-tui-flight-to-uk-from-greek-island-criticised
cont'd: Wird das Ansteckungsrisiko im #ÖPNV überschätzt? @agoraverkehr im Gespräch mit @LisaOberzaucher ( @univienna) https://twitter.com/agoraverkehr/status/1301817806607056896
cont'd: Covid-19: How to travel safely on the bus, train and subway
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200904-covid-19-how-to-travel-safely-on-the-bus-train-and-subway via @BBC_Future @BBC
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200904-covid-19-how-to-travel-safely-on-the-bus-train-and-subway via @BBC_Future @BBC
cont'd: Study by @ChariteBerlin subsidary and @DB_Presse (German Railways) shows that trains are not corona hotspots. https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/corona-studie-zuege-sind-laut-charite-keine-virenschleudern-a-1dae278e-fa38-431d-a919-b57857d06790
cont'd: Additonal information on @DB_Bahn #Charite Research Organisation study: 1072 employees tested --> one PCR test positive; 1064 employees tested --> 20 positive antibody tests. Source: @DB_Bahn https://www.deutschebahn.com/de/presse/pressestart_zentrales_uebersicht/Wissenschaftliche-Studie-Keine-Anzeichen-fuer-erhoehte-Corona-Gefahr-bei-Zugpersonal--5581064
cont'd: Executive summary here: https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/5581114/836fa701a5b73aa513bc3fdb30419efd/Kurzfassung-Studie-Charite-data.pdf
cont'd: Prevalence of Underlying Medical Conditions Among Selected Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers (incl transit workers) https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6936a3.htm
cont'd: via @carlosfpardo What's riskier in terms of Covid-19? This graph from CDC takes a while to understand but is super useful. https://twitter.com/carlosfpardo/status/1304415995768066048
cont'd: Public Transit and COVID-19 Pandemic:
Global Research and Best Practices via @APTA_Transit
https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Covid_Best_Practices_Sam_Schwartz_09.09.2020.pdf
Global Research and Best Practices via @APTA_Transit
https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Covid_Best_Practices_Sam_Schwartz_09.09.2020.pdf
cont'd: Not transport-specific, but still interesting resource; https://twitter.com/jocalynclark/status/1310165958506545154?s=19
cont'd: Report by @PHE_uk doesn't identify public transport as key area of concern for infection risks (no absolution either)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/921561/Weekly_COVID19_Surveillance_Report_week_39_FINAL.pdf
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/921561/Weekly_COVID19_Surveillance_Report_week_39_FINAL.pdf
cont'd: @APTA_Transit talk with Sam Schwartz & Daniel Schack, authors of "Public Transit and COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Research and Best Practices" https://twitter.com/CommsTeej/status/1311717073064800260
cont'd: Experts found no evidence of coronavirus on Tube, London transport chief reveals as he insists: The system is safe https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-tube-no-coronavirus-sample-study-a4561141.html
H/T @PhilippRode @dhidalgo65
H/T @PhilippRode @dhidalgo65
cont'd: Safe, clean Tubes and buses keep virus at bay via @MedMezghani https://twitter.com/MedMezghani/status/1314121435154124801?s=20
con't: "Well fitted surgical masks, when worn by both infected and susceptible passengers, can nearly eliminate the transmission of the disease.", also handmade masks with significant effects.
(Thread) http://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06690 https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1322084614383538176
(Thread
) http://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06690 https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1322084614383538176
cont'd: Infection risks in trains: @DLR_en publishes new study, looking at AC, masks, ventilation etc
very limited transmission risks (if masks are used)
https://www.dlr.de/content/de/downloads/2020/kurzfassung-abschlussbericht-luqas.pdf (German language)
very limited transmission risks (if masks are used)https://www.dlr.de/content/de/downloads/2020/kurzfassung-abschlussbericht-luqas.pdf (German language)
cont'd: COVID-19 AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT: an overview and recommendations applicable to Latin America
https://revistainfectio.org/index.php/infectio/article/view/944
https://revistainfectio.org/index.php/infectio/article/view/944
cont'd: Airflows inside passenger cars and implications for airborne disease transmission https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/1/eabe0166.full
H/T @carlosfpardo
H/T @carlosfpardo
cont'd: Infection risks in transport. However, exposure times in public transport are much shorter compared to 18hrs flight (Thread ) https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1348005323534184469
) https://twitter.com/TUMInitiative/status/1348005323534184469
cont'd: PREMIUM MASKS REQUIRED—Bavaria Flag of Germany will soon require people to wear higher grade masks/respirators in all stores & public transit. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1349000463035854852
cont'd: Important thread; comparing indoor and outdoor transmission risks, high- and low risk factors, etc.: 
https://twitter.com/mugecevik/status/1348771251758784517
https://twitter.com/mugecevik/status/1348771251758784517
