Neocolonialism clearly identified/outlined

"The theory of neocolonialism was developed by the socialist-inclined leaders of the newly independent, or 'post-colonial', nations following the break-up of the colonial empires.

A comprehensive summary of the central features of neocolonialism was made in 1961 at the Third All-African People’s Conference held in Cairo:

This Conference considers that Neo-Colonialism, which is the survival of the colonial system in spite of formal rec­ognition of political independence in emerging countries,

which become the victims of an indirect and subtle form of domination by political, economic, social, military or technical [forces], is the greatest threat to African coun­tries that have newly won their independence or those ap­proaching this status....

This Conference denounces the following manifestations of Neo-Colonialism in Africa,

(a) Puppet governments represented by stooges, and based on some chiefs, reactionary elements, anti-popular poli­ticians, big bourgeois compradors or corrupted civil or military functionaries.

(b) Regrouping of states, before or after independence, by an imperial power in federation or communities linked to that imperial power.

(c) Balkanisation as a deliberate political fragmentation of states by creation of artificial entities, such as, for example, the case of Katanga, Mauritania, Buganda, etc.

(d) The economic entrenchment of the colonial power before independence and the continuity of economic de­pendence after formal recognition of national sovereignty.

(e) Integration into colonial economic blocs which main­tain the underdeveloped character of African economy.

(f) Economic infiltration by a foreign power after inde­pendence, through capital investments, loans and mon­etary aids or technical experts, of unequal concessions, particularly those extending for long periods.

(g) Direct monetary dependence, as in those emergent in­dependent states whose finances remain in the hands of and directly controlled by colonial powers.

(h) Military bases sometimes introduced as scientific re­search stations or training schools, introduced either be­fore independence or as a condition for independence."

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