Summary.

1) All fatty liver — all of it — is very simple: fat in vs fat out.
2. “Fat in” is affected worst of all by visceral abdominal fat, because it’s the one fat pad that empties directly into the liver instead of into the general circulation.
3. “Fat in” can also be supplied by diet. Of these, fat leads to the most flux of fat through the liver. Ethanol and fructose lead to more than starch or glucose, but less than fat.
4. “Fat out” is entirely about ApoB synthesis, which is decreased by oxidative stress and is increased by phosphatidylcholine.
5. Early animal experiments showed that protein, sulfur amino acids, or choline, could COMPLETELY abolish fatty liver caused by sugar, alcohol, or fat.
6. Protein works because it provides methionine. Methionine works because it is used to synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC). PC works because it increases ApoB syntheis and triglyceride export.
7. There is no study — none, anywhere — that conflicts with this very simple model. Everything else is noise.
8. On low-carb, you can reduce visceral fat (fat in). You can increase methionine and choline (fat out). You need not invoke anything more complex.
9. There’s nothing special about those properties of low-carb. A low-fat diet that is higher in protein and choline would be just as effective and I’d bet money it would be more effective.
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